Stye 

logits  ^opkitto  Hnioeroits 
of  Baltimore 


(©rabuate  anb  ^imanteir  Courses 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2017  with  funding  from 

University  of  Illinois  Urbana-Champaign  Alternates 


https://archive.org/details/generalstatementOOjohn 


|ioTws  UcrpMns  Wtuivcxsity 

BALTIMORE 

t 


General  Statements  in  respect  to  the  Courses 
of  Instruction  which  are  offered  to 
Graduates  of  Colleges  and  other 
Advanced  Students 


publication  Agency  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University 
1888 


Press  of  Isaac  Friedemoald 
Baltimore 


CONTENTS. 


Faculty,  1887-88  5 

Statements  as  to  the  Several  Courses  of  Instruction  : 

Greek 8 

Latin 10 

Shemitic  Languages 11 

Sanskrit  and  Comparative  Philology 12 

Romance  Languages 15 

Teutonic  Languages  : English  and  German  . . 18 

History  and  Politics 22 

Mathematics 27 

Astronomy 29 

Physics  (including  Applied  Electricity  and  Mag- 
netism)   30 

Chemistry 38 

Mineralogy  and  Geology 42 

Biology  (including  Physiology  and  Morphology)  45 
Psychology  and  Pedagogics  ; Logic  and  Ethics  49 

Pathology 54 

Drawing  56 

Physical  Training 57 

Libraries 59 

Graduate  Students,  1887-88  61 

Tabular  Statements 69 


The  next  academic  year  begins  Monday,  October  1,  1888. 

Full  information  as  to  degrees,  fellowships,  scholarships, 
tuition,  and  other  points  not  included  in  the  following  state- 
ment, is  given  in  the  Annual  Register. 

All  communications  should  be  addressed  to  the  Registrar 
of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 


May,  1888. 


FACULTY,  1887-88. 

Daniel  C.  Gilman,  ll.d.,  President  of  the  University. 

Basil  L.  Gildersleeve,  ph.d.,  ll.d.,  Professor  of  Greek. 

G.  Stanley  Hall,  ph.d.,  ll.d.,  Professor  of  Psychology  and 
Pedagogics. 

Paul  Haupt,  ph.d.,  Professor  of  the  Shemitic  Languages. 

H.  Newell  Martin,  dr.sc.,  a.m.,  m.d..  Professor  of  Biology, 
and  Director  of  the  Biological  Laboratory. 

Simon  Newcomb,  ph.d.,  ll.d.,  Professor  of  Mathematics  and 
Astronomy. 

Ira  Remsen,  m.d.,  ph.d.,  Professor  of  Chemistry,  and  Director 
of  the  Chemical  Laboratory. 

Henry  A.  Rowland,  ph.d.,  Professor  of  Physics,  and  Director 
of  the  Physical  Laboratory. 

William  H.  Welch,  m.d.,  Professor  of  Pathology,  and  Director 
of  the  Pathological  Laboratory. 

John  S.  Billings,  m.d.,  ll.d.,  Lecturer  on  Municipal  Hygiene. 

Herbert  B.  Adams,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  History. 

Maurice  Bloomfield,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Sanskrit 
and  Comparative  Philology. 

William  K.  Brooks,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Morpho- 
logy,  and  Director  of  the  Chesapeake  Zoological  Laboratory. 

William  T.  Councilman,  m.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy. 

Thomas  Craig,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Applied  Mathe- 
matics. 

A.  Marshall  Elliott,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  the  Ro- 
mance Languages. 

Richard  T.  Ely,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Political  Econ- 
omy. 

George  H.  Emmott,  a.m.,  Associate  Professor  of  Logic  and 
Ethics,  and  Lecturer  on  Roman  Law. 

Harmon  N.  Morse,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Chemistry, 
and  Sub-Director  of  the  Chemical  Laboratory. 

William  E.  Story,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Mathematics. 

Minton  Warren,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Latin. 

George  H.  Williams,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  Mineralogy, 
and  Director  of  the  Mineralogical  Laboratory. 


6 


FACULTY,  1887-88, 


Henry  Wood,  ph.d.,  Associate  Professor  of  German. 

William  Hand  Browne,  m.d.,  Librarian,  and  Associate  in 
English. 

Henry  H.  Donaldson,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Psychology. 

Louis  Duncan,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Electricity. 

Fabian  Franklin,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Mathematics. 

Edward  M.  Hartwell,  m.d.,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Physical  Train- 
ing, and  Director  of  the  Gymnasium. 

William  H.  Howell,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Biology. 

J.  Franklin  Jameson,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  History. 

Arthur  L.  Kimball,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Physics. 

Edward  Renouf,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Chemistry. 

Edward  H.  Spieker,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  Latin  and  Greek. 
Henry  A.  Todd,  ph.d.,  Associate  in  the  Romance  Languages. 
Philip  R.  Uhler,  Associate  in  Natural  History. 

Elgin  R.  L.  Gould,  ph.d.,  Reader  in  Social  Statistics. 

Herbert  Weir  Smyth,  ph.d.,  Reader  in  Greek  Literature. 
Woodrow  Wilson,  ph.d.,  Reader  in  the  Science  of  Adminis- 
tration. 

Cyrus  Adler,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  the  Shemitic  Languages. 
Ethan  A.  Andrews,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  Osteology. 

Bolling  W.  Barton,  m.d.,  Instructor  in  Botany. 

B.  Meade  Bolton,  m.d.,  Assistant  in  Pathology. 

James  W.  Bright,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  English. 

William  B.  Clark,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  Palaeontology. 

Henry  Crew,  ph.d.,  Assistant  in  Physics. 

Julius  Goebel,  ph.d..  Instructor  in  German. 

Marion  D.  Learned,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  German. 

Gustav  A.  Liebig,  Jr.,  ph.d.,  Assistant  in  Electricity. 

Charles  L.  Reese,  ph.d.,  Assistant  in  Chemistry. 

Frederick  M.  Warren,  ph.d.,  Instructor  in  French. 

Hugh  Newell,  Instructor  in  Drawing. 

Charles  L.  Woodworth,  Jr.,  Instructor  in  Elocution. 
Hartvig  Nissen,  Instructor  in  Gymnastics. 


GENERAL  STATEMENTS 

AS  TO  THE  SEVERAL 

COURSES  OF  INSTRUCTION. 


The  Johns  Hopkins  University  was  opened  in 
1876  for  the  instruction  of  young  men  in  various 
branches  of  knowledge.  Thus  far  the  Faculty  of 
Philosophy  has  alone  been  fully  organized,  but  the 
formation  of  a medical  faculty  has  been  begun  and 
will  soon  receive  further  development.  In  the 
Faculty  of  Philosophy,  the  instruction  is  carried 
on  by  university  methods  and  by  collegiate  methods 
corresponding  with  the  requirements  of  students  at 
different  stages  of  their  advancement.  University 
instruction  is  offered  to  those  who  have  already 
taken  an  academic  degree,  or  who  have  otherwise 
fitted  themselves  to  pursue  advanced  courses  of 
study.  Collegiate  instruction  is  offered  to  under- 
graduates, who  have  the  choice  of  several  prescribed 
courses  of  study,  all  of  them  leading  up  to  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts.  In  the  following  pages 
full  information  is  given  with  regard  to  the  plans 
which  are  followed  in  each  of  the  main  depart- 
ments of  instruction. 


8 


GREEK. 


GREEK. 


The  instruction  in  Greek  is  directed  by  Professor  Gilder- 
sleeve.  His  own  courses  are  given  in  a Seminary,  which 
consists  of  the  Director,  Fellows,  and  Scholars,  and  such 
advanced  students  as  shall  satisfy  the  Director  of  their  fitness 
for  an  active  participation  in  the  work  by  an  essay,  a critical 
exercise,  or  some  similar  test  of  attainments  and  capacity. 
All  graduate  students,  however,  may  have  the  privilege  of 
attending  the  course. 

Each  regular  member  is  required  to  take  his  turn  as  in- 
terpreter, critic,  analyst,  and  special  fields  of  research  are 
assigned  according  to  progress  or  bent.  It  may  be  added  that 
while  the  Seminary  demands  a large  portion  of  the  student’s 
time,  the  requirements  are  not  so  great  as  to  preclude  inde- 
pendent study  in  other  directions,  and  care  is  taken  so  to 
direct  his  private  reading,  that  in  the  usual  period  of  prepa- 
ration for  the  higher  degree  a comprehensive  knowledge  of 
Greek  literature  and  Greek  life  may  be  gained. 

By  these  arrangements  the  students  are  brought  into 
closer  relations  with  the  professor  and  encouraged  to  perform 
more  independent  work  and  engage  in  more  extended  experi- 
ments than  would  be  possible  on  a system  of  mere  recitation 
or  the  simple  hearing  of  lectures. 

The  subjects  to  which  attention  has  been  given  during  the 
last  decennium  are  these : 


1878- 79.  Lucian. 

1879- 80.  Aristophanes. 

1880- 81.  Attic  Orators. 

1881- 82.  Plato. 

1882- 83.  Aristophanes. 


1883- 84.  Greek  Historians. 

1884- 85.  Attic  Orators. 

1885- 86.  Plato. 

1886- 87.  Aristophanes. 

1887- 88.  Greek  Historians. 


GREEK. 


9 


The  methods  followed  have  been  described  in  successive 
annual  reports,  which  may  readily  be  consulted. 

The  centre  of  work  in  the  Seminary  during  the  past  year 
was  Thucydides ; for  the  next  year  it  will  be  the  Attic 
Orators.  The  Seminary  meets  in  a room  especially  devoted 
to  its  purposes,  where  the  classical  library  is  arranged  and 
opportunities  are  afforded  for  quiet  study  during  the  day 
and  evening.  This  library  includes  the  principal  Greek  and 
Latin  texts,  commentaries,  etc.,  and  in  the  plans  for  its 
enlargement,  special  attention  is  paid  to  providing  year  by 
year  the  newer  books  which  are  important  for  current 
study. 

In  addition  to  the  work  of  the  Seminary,  courses  of  lec- 
tures are  given  by  the  Director,  and  by  other  qualified  per- 
sons. For  example,  during  the  year  1887-1888,  Professor 
Gildersleeve  gave  a course  of  lectures  on  Greek  syntax,  ex- 
tending through  the  year,  and  a course  of  practical  exercises 
in  Greek  composition,  translation  at  dictation,  twice  weekly 
during  the  first  quarter  ; Dr.  Smyth  gave  a course  on  Greek 
historical  inscriptions  twice  weekly  through  the  year,  a 
course  of  lectures  on  Greek  archaeology,  weekly  through  the 
year,  and  a public  course  of  four  lectures  on  Greek  lyric 
poetry.  In  addition  to  the  courses  above  named,  Mr.  J.  R. 
Wheeler  was  engaged  to  give  eight  lectures  on  the  topog- 
raphy of  Athens,  and  Mr.  W.  M.  Arnolt  gave  instruction 
weekly  in  New  Testament  Greek. 

Undergraduate  students  who  select  the  classical  group  of 
studies  are  required  to  follow  the  class  work  in  Greek,  five 
hours  weekly  through  two  years,  in  addition  to  other  studies. 
The  texts  read  vary  from  year  to  year,  including  selections 
from  orators,  poets,  and  historians.  Exercises  in  Greek 
composition  and  in  reading  at  sight  are  likewise  required. 
To  extend  the  acquaintance  of  the  student  with  Greek  liter- 


10 


LATIN. 


ature,  he  is  obliged  to  read  by  himself  certain  prescribed 
authors,  and  to  pass  an  examination  upon  them.  Dr. 
Spieker,  associate  in  Greek  and  Latin,  has  had  during  the 
past  year,  under  the  guidance  of  Professor  Gildersleeve,  a 
large  part  in  the  classical  instruction  of  the  undergraduates. 

LATIN. 

Instruction  in  Latin  is  given  on  a plan  similar  to  that 
already  mentioned  as  followed  in  the  courses  in  Greek.  The 
advanced  work  proceeds  through  the  organization  of  a Sem- 
inary, of  which  Dr.  Warren,  Associate  Professor  of  Latin,  is 
the  Director.  The  instruction  has  two  distinct  ends  in  view. 
It  aims  first  to  give  students  a wider  and  more  accurate 
knowledge  of  the  Latin  language  and  literature  than  can  be 
secured  in  the  ordinary  college  course,  so  that  they  may 
become  more  efficient  teachers  ; and  secondly,  to  train  them 
in  the  methods  of  scientific  research,  so  that  they  may 
become  independent  investigators.  It  is  not  believed,  how- 
ever, that  these  two  ends  can  be  kept  separate.  On  the  con- 
trary, the  most  enthusiastic  teacher  is  likely  to  be  one  who 
is  thoroughly  imbued  with  the  scientific  spirit.  Accordingly, 
the  most  important  instrument  of  training  is  the  Latin  Sem- 
inary, which  meets  twice  a week  during  the  year.  Each 
year  some  author  or  a group  of  closely  connected  authors  is 
made  the  centre  of  work.  Critical  methods  are  taught, 
interpretations  are  prepared  by  members  of  the  Seminary  in 
turn,  and  papers  are  read  by  them  containing  the  results  of 
special  investigations  on  the  syntax  and  style  of  authors  and 
on  other  themes,  literary  and  linguistic.  The  character  of 
the  work  can  be  best  understood  from  a summary  which  has 
been  printed  in  a separate  paper,  copies  of  which  can  be 
obtained  on  application.  The  subjects  treated  during  the 
last  six  years  have  been  as  follows : 


LATIN. 


11 


1882- 83.  Cicero. 

1883- 84.  Terence. 

1884- 85.  Roman  Satirists,  especially  Horace  and  Juvenal. 

1885- 86.  Roman  Historians,  especially  Livy  and  Tacitus. 

1886- 87.  Vergil. 

1887- 88.  Terence. 

Courses  of  lectures  are  also  given  from  time  to  time  by  the 
Director.  For  example,  in  1887-88  he  lectured  on  Latin 
Comedy  and  on  Latin  Syntax,  two  lectures  weekly  during  the 
first  half-year ; and  on  Latin  Epigraphy,  weekly  during  the 
second  half-year.  He  also  conducted  a weekly  course  of 
readings  in  Aulus  Gellius,  during  the  second  half-year. 

The  undergraduate  work  in  Latin  is  also  akin  to  that  in 
Greek.  The  authors  read  differ  year  by  year,  but  are  so 
chosen  that  the  student  may  become  acquainted  with  histor- 
ical, poetical,  and  philosophical  authors.  His  work  in  the 
class-room  must  be  supplemented  by  a prescribed  course  of 
reading  which  he  follows  privately  and  on  which  he  under- 
goes an  examination.  Latin  composition  and  sight  reading 
form  a part  of  the  course.  Dr.  Spieker  has  been  associated 
in  this  work. 


SHEMITIC  LANGUAGES. 

In  the  Shemitic  Seminary,  Professor  Haupt,  Director, 
instruction  is  provided  in  Hebrew,  Biblical  Aramean,  Syriac, 
Arabic,  Ethiopic,  etc.,  and  in  Assyriology  in  its  various 
branches  ( Assyro-Babylonian  and  Sumero-Akkadian).  In 
the  organization  adopted  in  1888,  a course  of  three  years  was 
arranged.  The  centre  of  the  work  is  the  Old  Testament, 
special  attention  being  given  to  the  critical  study  of  Hebrew 
texts  and  the  cuneiform  inscriptions  bearing  on  the  Scrip- 
tures. Cyrus  Adler,  Ph.D.,  lately  Fellow,  is  the  assistant 
of  Dr.  Haupt. 

Special  consideration  is  given  to  the  needs  of  four  classes 


12  SANSKRIT  AND  COMPARATIVE  PHILOLOGY. 

of  students  ; namely  : students  of  theology  wishing  to  obtain 
a thorough  acquaintance  with  the  sacred  tongue  and  its 
sister  idioms  as  a means  of  elucidating  Scripture  and  prob- 
lems of  the  comparative  history  of  religion  ; students  of  lin- 
guistics intending  to  make  comparative  grammar  of  the 
Shemitic  languages  their  specialty ; students  of  Oriental  his- 
tory and  archaeology  desirous  of  drawing  directly  from  the 
original  sources  ; persons  looking  for  instruction  in  the  living 
Oriental  languages  (as  modern  Arabic  or  Amharic)  for  prac- 
tical purposes. 

In  these  various  courses,  the  seminary  method  is  followed 
throughout,  the  student  being  from  the  first  brought  face  to 
face  with  the  several  idioms,  without  long  theoretical  intro- 
ductions. Stress  is  laid  on  a thorough  grammatical  training, 
imparted  in  connection  with  the  minute  philological  analysis 
of  some  selected  text  in  the  respective  languages,  printed 
grammars  serving  only  for  occasional  references. 

A room  has  been  set  apart  containing  a well  equipped 
working  library  for  all  the  branches  of  Oriental  research, 
and  some  advanced  students  are  usually  present  to  help  on 
the  preparations  for  the  recitations  conducted  by  the  Director 
of  the  Seminary  and  to  furnish  any  other  aid  that  may  be 
desired. 

A statement  of  the  courses  given  during  the  last  four  years 
is  made  in  a special  pamphlet. 

SANSKRIT  AND  COMPARATIVE  PHILOLOGY. 

The  most  advanced  instruction  in  Yedic  Sanskrit  is  given 
under  seminary  organization  (of  which  Professor  Bloomfield 
is  the  Director),  weekly,  through  the  year.  The  subject  of 
the  work  for  1887-88  is  The  Literature  of  the  Atharva-Veda. 
The  order  of  themes  treated  is  somewhat  as  follows  : 


SANSKRIT  AND  COMPARATIVE  PHILOLOGY.  13 

1.  The  position  of  the  Atharvan  in  Vedic  literature. 

2.  Survey  of  the  contents  of  the  published  form  of  the  Veda. 

3.  The  cakhas,  or  schools  of  the  Atharva-Veda. 

4.  The  ritual  of  the  Atharvan. 

Dr.  Bloomfield  has  at  present  in  his  possession,  as  loans 
from  the  British  Government  in  India  and  from  native 
scholars,  about  twenty  MSS.  bearing  upon  the  ritual  practices 
of  the  Atharvan.  These  are  open  to  inspection  and  study, 
and  afford  a somewhat  unusual  opportunity  for  handling 
native  materials  before  they  have  passed  through  scholarly 
criticism.  Some  of  these  texts  are  now  being  edited  by 
members  of  the  Seminary. 

The  work  of  the  Seminary  is  supplemented  by  courses  of 
reading  in  the  Hitopadefa  and  Manu,  by  an  introduction  to 
the  Rig- Veda,  and  by  practical  exercises  in  grammar  and 
prose-writing. 

In  Comparative  Philology  the  work  is  two-fold.  First,  a 
course  in  the  general  principles  of  linguistic  science,  together 
with  an  exposition  and  criticism  of  modern  methods  in 
scientific  grammar.  Secondly,  a comparative  study  of 
Indo-European  accentuation,  with  special  application  to 
the  accent  of  Greek.  The  latter  course  is  carried  on  under 
seminary  organization,  with  discussions  and  contributions 
by  the  members. 

Courses  of  instruction  are  annually  provided  in  Sanskrit, 
in  the  Comparative  Grammar  of  the  Indo-European  lan- 
guages, and  in  general  linguistic  science.  These  courses  aim 
to  meet  the  wants  of  those  who  wish  to  devote  themselves 
to  the  study  of  these  branches  exclusively  and  for  their  own 
sake,  i.  e.  those  who  wish  to  become  Indian  philologists  or 
comparative  grammarians ; and  also  the  wants  of  students 
of  philology  in  general  who  wish  to  obtain  a broader  lin- 
guistic basis  for  special  studies  in  other  departments  of 
philology. 


14 


SANSKRIT  AND  COMPARATIVE  PHILOLOGY. 


A prolonged  course  in  Sanskrit,  involving  two  lectures  a 
week  during  two  years,  is  planned  so  as  to  furnish  a good 
knowledge  of  classical  Sanskrit,  and  to  include  an  introduc- 
tion into  the  dialect  of  the  Vedas.  This  should  be  supple- 
mented by  the  course  in  general  linguistic  science  (one  lec- 
ture a week  during  one  year,  cf.  above),  and  these  two 
courses  represent  an  amount  of  material  sufficient  for  a sub- 
sidiary subject  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy. 

The  advanced  work  aims  especially  to  meet  the  wants  of 
those  who  wish  to  make  Indian  Philology  or  Comparative 
Philology  their  special  study.  Instruction  is  given  by  prac- 
tical exercises,  lectures,  seminary  work,  and  where  possible, 
the  use  of  native  Indian  manuscripts. 

A synopsis  of  the  courses  offered  during  recent  years 
(1881-87)  (which  is  printed  in  the  Annual  Report  for  1887, 
and  in  a separate  paper),  may  thus  be  summarized  under 
three  heads  : 

I.  Courses  in  the  general  principles  of  comparative 
philology  or  linguistic  science,  and  on  special  chapters 
thereof. 

II.  Courses  in  the  comparative  grammar  of  the  Indo-Euro- 
pean languages : comparative  study  of  Indo-European 
vocalism ; comparative  grammar  of  Sanskrit  and  Zend  ; 
comparative  phonology  of  Greek ; historical  and  compara- 
tive study  of  Greek  accent ; comparative  study  of  Greek 
inflections  ; Greek  guttural  consonants. 

III.  Vedic,  Sanskrit,  Prakrit : Rig-Veda  ; Atharva-Veda  ; 
literature  of  the  Brahmanas ; Kau9ika-sutra  from  the 
MSS. ; A9valayana’s  Grhya-sutras ; comparative  study  of 
the  Grhya-sutras;  law-books  of  Manu  and  Yajnavalkya; 
Hitopade9a  ; Kathasaritsagara  ; ^akuntala  and  introduc- 
tion into  Prakrit ; Nala ; practical  exercises  in  Sanskrit 
prose  ; elementary  Sanskrit. 


ROMANCE  LANGUAGES. 


15 


The  seminary  room  of  the  department  contains  a well- 
selected  library  of  books  on  Indian  (Vedic,  Sanskrit,  Pali, 
Prakrit)  and  Iranian  (Zend,  Persian,  etc.)  literature. 
Notably,  the  more  expensive  lexical  works  are  placed  for 
convenient  use  of  the  members  of  the  seminary.  The  lead- 
ing periodicals  bearing  upon  these  subjects — a number  of 
them  published  in  India  and  difficult  of  access — are  to  be 
found  upon  the  tables  of  the  seminary.  The  library  of  the 
Peabody  Institute  also  contains  a valuable  collection  of 
books  bearing  upon  these  studies ; most  noteworthy  among 
them  is  a full  set  of  the  Bibliotheca  Indica,  the  largest 
collection  of  Yedic  and  Sanskrit  texts,  and  the  Indische 
Studien,  the  leading  special  journal  devoted  to  the  science 
of  Indian  antiquities. 

ROMANCE  LANGUAGES. 

Advanced  instruction  in  Romance  Languages  is  so  planned 
as  to  cover  at  least  three  years,  and  is  directed  by  Dr.  A. 
Marshall  Elliott,  Associate  Professor  of  Romance  Lan- 
guages, with  the  assistance  of  Drs.  H.  A.  Todd  and  F.  M. 
Warren.  The  subjects  of  instruction  are  divided  into  three 
distinct  sections : a purely  linguistic,  a purely  literary,  and 
a composite  group  (intended  to  unite  the  first  two),  and  each 
of  these  groups  has  its  special  instructor.  Every  one  who 
intends  to  take  a degree  in  Romance  Languages  must  work 
in  these  three  lines,  which  are  so  arranged  as  to  supplement 
one  another  according  to  the  attainments  and  bent  of  the 
student.  The  first  year  is  chiefly  spent  in  preparation  for 
seminary  work,  to  which  the  student  is  generally  admitted, 
as  an  active  member,  at  the  beginning  of  the  second  year. 
During  this  preliminary  period,  a practical  knowledge  of  the 
principal  Romance  Languages  is  acquired  (a  thorough 
acquaintance  with  Latin  and  Modern  French  being  pre- 


16 


ROMANCE  LANGUAGES. 


supposed),  a brief  survey  is  given  of  the  history  of  the 
science,  together  with  an  introduction  to  the  use  of  scientific 
methods  in  language  and  literature.  With  this  equipment 
the  student  is  prepared  to  begin  an  appreciative  scrutiny  of 
special  texts  with  their  critical  linguistic  and  literary  appa- 
ratus. He  is  taught  to  handle  his  materials  with  discrimi- 
nating judgment  and,  according  to  his  progress,  subjects  are 
assigned  to  him  for  investigation  which  tend  to  develop  the 
patience  and  the  accuracy  necessary  to  a careful  investi- 
gator. In  literature  as  in  language  proper,  it  is  particu- 
larly to  the  origins  that  his  attention  is  directed.  By  exten- 
sive reading  required  in  connection  with  the  subjects  taken 
up,  he  is  made  familiar  with  the  different  phases  of  opinion 
held  by  leading  European  scholars,  and  is  thus  enabled  to 
control  certain  parts  of  his  subject  within  well  defined  limits. 
Toward  the  end  of  the  course  the  student  is  expected  to  con- 
centrate upon  some  single  line  of  work  within  his  general 
field.  It  will  be  observed,  then,  that  from  the  outset  the 
student’s  work  in  this  course  is  comparative,  and  that  he 
moves  from  the  general  to  the  particular.  In  the  early  part 
of  it,  the  object  is  to  give  a broad  basis  to  work  on,  by 
making  him  sufficiently  familiar  with  the  different  idioms  to 
use  them  readily,  by  way  of  illustration,  in  his  subsequent 
studies.  Dialect-study  and  phonology  are  made  essential 
features  of  this  plan  of  studies.  During  the  last  year 
(1887-88),  the  Picard  and  the  Norman  dialects  have  formed, 
on  the  French  side,  the  centre  of  work  for  first  and  second  year 
students,  and  the  Gallo-Italic  group,  on  the  Italian  side,  for 
third  year  students. 

The  subjects  to  which  attention  has  been  given  in  the 
Seminary  for  the  last  five  years  are  as  follows : 

1883- 84.  Anglo-Norman  Dialect  and  the  Oaths  of  Strasburg. 

1884- 85.  Cantilene  de  Sainte  Eulalie  and  Fragment  de  Valen- 
ciennes. 


ROMANCE  LANGUAGES.  17 

1885- 86.  The  Franco-Norman  Dialect  with  the  Vie  de  Saint 
Alexis. 

1886- 87.  The  Oaths  of  Strasburg  and  the  Cantilene  de  Sainte 
Eulalie. 

1887- 88.  Old  French  Paraphrase  of  the  Canticum  Canticorum 
and  the  Fragment  de  Valenciennes. 

In  addition  to  the  work  of  the  Seminary,  lectures  are  reg- 
ularly given  at  stated  periods  of  the  course  : (1)  on  French 
phonetics,  (2)  on  Old  French  syntax,  (3)  on  Romance  mor- 
phology, (4)  on  French  dialects,  (5)  on  Italian  dialects. 

The  special  lectures  on  literature  run  through  the  whole 
period  of  three  years. 

The  Seminary  meets  in  a room  especially  set  apart  for  its 
use,  where  the  Romance  books  and  journals  are  collected. 
The  following  Journals  are  accessible  to  the  student : 

Zeitschrift  ftir  Romanische  Philologie,  Romania,  Revue  des 
Langues  Romanes,  Herrig’s  Archiv,  Franco-Gallia,  Archivio 
Glottologico,  Romanische  Forschungen,  Zeitschrift  fur  Neu- 
franzos.  Sprache  und  Litteratur,  Franzosische  Studien,  Studi  di 
Filologia  Romanza,  Propugnatore,  Giornale  Storico  della  Letter- 
atura  Italiana,  Neuphilologisches  Centralblatt,  Literaturblatt 
fiir  Germanische  und  Romanische  Philologie,  Revue  de  l’En- 
seignement  des  Langues  Vivantes,  Le  Canada-Francais,  Revue 
Internationale  de  l’Enseignement,  Le  Moyen  Age,  La  Revue 
Celtique. 

Besides  these,  a special  publication,  Modern  Language 
Notes , is  issued  monthly  by  members  of  the  modern  lan- 
guage department  of  the  university,  in  which  are  repre- 
sented the  most  recent  literary  and  scientific  phases  of  lin- 
guistic research  in  the  modern  idioms. 

Undergraduate  students  who  select  Romance  Languages 
are  required  to  follow  class  work  for  five  hours  weekly, 
through  two  years,  during  which  time  they  will  read  exten- 
sive selections  from  modern,  middle,  and  old  French  texts, 
and  be  made  acquainted  with  the  general  laws  of  French 


18 


TEUTONIC  LANGUAGES. 


phonology  and  morphology.  Private  reading  is  also  required 
of  the  student,  which  varies  from  year  to  year  according  to 
the  authors  taken  up  in  class. 

TEUTONIC  LANGUAGES.- ENGLISH  AND  GERMAN. 

In  the  Teutonic  group  of  studies,  under  the  guidance  of 
Professor  Wood,  instruction  is  provided  in  German  and 
English  in  all  periods,  and  in  the  historical  development  of 
the  more  important  sister  dialects.  The  advanced  courses 
are  arranged  according  to  one  plan,  with  the  primary  object 
in  view  of  imparting  a thorough  linguistic  and  historical 
knowledge  of  the  two  chief  languages  of  the  group.  Dr. 
Browne,  Dr.  Bright,  Dr.  Learned,  and  Dr.  Goebel  are 
engaged  in  instruction.  All  the  courses  centre  in  the  Teu- 
tonic Seminary  and  the  English  Seminary.  The  seminary 
method  is  also  followed  in  most  of  the  other  courses.  Some 
one  text  is  chosen  and  minutely  analyzed.  In  addition,  each 
member  of  the  class  is  required,  from  time  to  time,  to  pre- 
sent a study  of  some  topic  connected  with  the  subject  in 
hand.  In  assigning  such  work,  both  in  class  and  seminary, 
allowance  is  made  for  individual  aptitude  and  bent. 

The  philological  training  given  is  intended  not  only  for 
those  who  expect  to  devote  themselves  to  Teutonic  or  Eng- 
lish philology,  but  also  for  students  of  English  literature. 
Purely  literary  studies  are  on  an  equal  footing  in  the  semi- 
naries with  linguistic  research,  and  will  be  equally  furthered 
with  counsel  and  guidance. 

The  Teutonic  Seminary  is  divided  into  two  sections.  In 
the  first  section  the  subjects  studied  during  the  last  two 
years  have  been  Old  High  German  and  Low  German  (the 
whole  period  from  Old  Saxon  to  Plattdeutsch).  In  the 
second  section  the  contents  of  recent  journals  and  books  are 
reported  on  and  discussed,  and  original  papers  are  read. 


TEUTONIC  LANGUAGES. 


19 


In  the  English  Seminary  the  work  during  recent  years  has 
included  Beowulf,  the  Romantic  movement  in  English  liter- 
ature, the  literature  of  the  Elizabethan  period.  Bi-weekly 
journal  meetings  are  held,  and  in  them  original  papers  are 
presented  and  discussed. 

The  following  is  a list  of  the  advanced  courses  given  during 
the  years  1884-1888  ; the  numbers  appended  showing  how 
many  times  the  whole  course  has  been  given.  All  the 
advanced  courses  in  German  were  given  by  Dr.  Wood. 

German . 

Old  High  German  (three  times). 

Low  German  : Old  Saxon  Grammar,  Heliand  (once). 

Low  German:  Middle  and  New  Low  German  (Liibben’s  Chres- 
tomathyand  Lauremberg’s  Scherzgedichte)  (once). 

Gothic  (four  times). 

Middle  High  German  : Elementary  Course  (four  times). 

Middle  High  German:  Parzival ; Nibelungen  Lied;  Minne- 
sang’s  Fruhling  (each  once). 

Comparative  German  Grammar  (twice). 

Old  Norse : Introduction,  and  Prose  Readings  (twice). 

Old  Norse : The  Edda  (once). 

Old  Teutonic  Life  (Lectures)  (once). 

German  Literature  in  the  16th  and  17th  centuries  (Lectures) 
(once). 

Goethe  (Interpretation  of  selected  poems)  (once). 

English . 

Beowulf  (three  times).  Dr.  Wood. 

Anglo-Saxon  Grammar  (three  times).  Dr.  Bright. 

Middle-English  Grammar  (twice).  Dr.  Bright. 

Romance  of  Octavian;  Piers  Plowman;  Chaucer  (each  once). 
Dr.  Bright. 

Anglo-Saxon  Poetry : Andreas,  Elene,  Juliana,  Caedmon  (once). 
Dr.  Bright. 

Anglo-Saxon  Prose : Aelfred’s  Orosius  and  Boethius,  Aelfric's 
Homilies  (once).  Dr.  Bright. 

Anglo-Saxon  Versification  (once).  Dr.  Bright. 

Oldest  English  Texts  (Vespasian  Psalter)  (once).  Dr.  Bright. 


20 


TEUTONIC  LANGUAGES. 


Romantic  Movement  in  English  Poetry  (18th  and  19th  Century) 
(once).  Dr.  Bright. 

Early  Scottish  Poets  (twice).  Dr.  Browne. 

The  room  in  which  the  Seminary  meets  is  provided  with  a 
library  sufficient  for  the  prosecution  of  philological  work, 
and  is  open  to  every  member  during  working  hours. 

The  following  journals  are  accessible : 

Zeitschrift  fur  deutsches  Alterthum,  Beitr&ge  zur  Geschichte 
derdeutschen  Sprache  und  Litteratur,  Germania,  Zeitschrift  fur 
deutsche  Philologie,  Alemannia,  Quellen  und  Forschungen,  San- 
ders’ Zeitschrift  fur  deutsche  Sprache,  Anglia,  Englische  Stu- 
dien,  Herrig’s  Archiv  fur  das  Studium  der  neueren  Sprachen, 
Schnorr’s  Archiv  fur  Litteraturgeschichte,  Zeitschrift  fur  oster- 
reichische  Gymnasien,  Nordisk  Tidskrift  for  Filologi,  Bebaghel 
und  Neumann’s  Litteraturblatt  fur  germanische  und  romanische 
Philologie,  Roediger’s  deutsche  Litteraturzeitung,  Literarisches 
Centralblatt,  Shakespeare  Jahrbuch,  The  Publications  of  the 
Early  English  Text  Society,  Chaucer  Society,  Spenser  Society, 
Early  Scottish  Text  Society,  English  Dialect  Society,  Ballad  So- 
ciety, etc. 

Undergraduate  courses  are  also  provided  in  German  and 
English  which  may  be  followed  by  any  students  who  find 
the  courses  adapted  to  their  wants.  The  authors  read  vary 
year  by  year, — but  the  instruction  is  nearly  the  same  in 
character,  and  it  is  so  arranged  as  to  meet  the  needs  of  be- 
ginners of  different  degrees  of  intellectual  advancement. 

In  German,  undergraduate  courses  are  provided  for 

(а)  Students  who  take  a first  and  second  year’s  undergraduate 
course  in  German. 

(б)  Students  who  follow  the  classical  group  of  studies;  one 
year’s  course. 

(c)  Graduates  who  desire  to  read  German  prose  at  sight,  and  to 
write  German. 

(d)  Graduates  and  undergraduates  who  wish  for  conversational 
familiarity  with  German. 

C e ) Candidates  for  matriculation ; study  preliminary  to  entrance 
to  the  first  year’s  German  course. 


TEUTONIC  LANGUAGES. 


21 


In  English,  the  study  of  the  language  and  literature  is 
carried  on  under  three  aspects  : the  philological,  the  literary, 
and  the  practical. 

I.  On  the  language  side,  the  guiding  principle  in  introducing 
students  to  this  study  is  that  English  is  one  language  in  all  its 
periods  and  in  all  its  forms,  and  that  Anglo-Saxon,  Early  and 
Middle  English  are  only  earlier  stages  of  Shakespearian  English. 

The  study  of  Anglo-Saxon  is  therefore  begun  at  once,  and  the 
forms  and  syntax  are  explained  from  the  resources  of  English 
itself  in  its  later  periods.  The  attempt  is  made  in  this  way  to 
replace  the  empirical  English  grammar  of  the  school  by  a real 
grammar,  which  shall  be  learned  historically,  in  Anglo-Saxon, 
and  in  Chaucerian  and  Elizabethan  English. 

Attention  is  paid  to  enlarging,  systematizing,  and  fixing  the 
student’s  English  vocabulary ; and  the  study  of  words  is  entered 
upon  as  far  as  seems  expedient. 

The  attempt  is  made  to  bring  students  to  a point  where  they 
will  claim  Early  English  as  their  natural  possession,  and  in  some 
degree  know  it  to  be  such,  rather  than  to  train  them  to  a super- 
ficial knowledge  and  dexterity  in  handling  strange  forms. 

The  elements  of  English  Phonetics  are  also  learned  during  the 
first  year,  and  the  history  of  the  language  is  passed  in  review. 

In  the  second  year’s  course  the  study  of  Anglo-Saxon  is  con- 
tinued in  the  best  monuments  in  prose  and  poetry,  and  historical 
English  grammar  is  taught  as  a whole.  The  dialects  of  Early 
English  are  studied  in  their  representative  works. 

II.  In  the  literary  aspect,  English  literature  is  studied  as  the 
continuous  exponent  of  the  best  thoughts  and  feelings  of  the 
race,  and  its  continuity  and  representative  character  are  always 
kept  in  view.  With  the  less  advanced  students  this  study  is  pur- 
sued in  a somewhat  synoptical  manner  by  tracing  the  stream  of 
English  literature  from  its  beginnings,  in  the  works  of  its  chief 
writers,  portions  of  which  are  read  by  the  instructor,  or  by  the 
class  under  his  guidance,  with  necessary  elucidations.  The 
development  of  style  and  changes  in  language  are  explained  so 
far  as  seems  expedient;  the  object  aimed  at  being  to  give  the 
student  such  a general  knowledge  of  the  whole  body  of  the  litera- 
ture, that  thenceforth  no  part  of  it  will  seem  alien  to  him. 

With  more  advanced  students  a similar  plan  is  pursued,  but 
with  more  detail  and  precision.  An  important  period  or  group 


22 


HISTOKY  AND  POLITICS. 


of  writers  is  studied,  with  some  representative  writer  as  the  cen- 
tral figure.  The  historical  events  of  the  time,  the  manners  and 
customs,  the  political  and  religious  movements,  the  position  of 
men  of  letters,  and  their  relations  to  the  rest  of  society,  etc.,  are 
reviewed  as  preliminary  to  the  study  of  the  texts.  The  work 
selected  as  central  is  then  studied  with  critical  care,  and  cor- 
related with  the  events  of  the  time  and  with  contemporary  litera- 
ture. 

II T.  The  third,  or  practical  aspect,  looks  to  English  as  an  organ 
of  expression  ; and  the  object  aimed  at  is  to  help  the  student 
to  know  good  writing  from  bad,  and  to  acquire  the  power  of 
expressing  himself  in  clear,  sound,  manly  English.  To  this  end, 
writers  of  acknowledged  excellence  are  read,  and  the  reasons  of 
their  excellence  pointed  out.  Original  papers  are  also  submitted 
to  the  instructor,  who,  in  his  comments,  does  not  limit  himself  to 
correcting  errors  and  noting  defects,  but  also  endeavors  to  ex- 
plain and  illustrate  the  principles  of  good  writing. 

The  American  Journal  of  Philology , edited  by  Professor 
Gildersleeve,  is  now  in  its  ninth  volume.  It  covers  the  whole 
field  of  classical  and  modern  philology. 

HISTORY  AND  POLITICS. 

The  work  of  this  department  is  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
II.  B.  Adams,  aided  by  Messrs.  Emmott,  Ely,  Jameson, 
Wilson,  and  Gould,  and  such  occasional  lecturers  or  addi- 
tional instructors  as  may  be  found  necessary.  As  at  present 
organized,  the  work  of  instruction  aims  to  accomplish  three 
main  results : 

1.  The  preliminary  training  of  students,  both  graduate 
and  undergraduate,  to  such  a knowledge  of  the  essential 
facts  and  principles  of  general  history  and  politics,  as  will 
contribute  towards  a liberal  education,  and  serve  to  fit  men 
to  pursue  advanced  courses  in  special  branches  of  these 
sciences,  with  a view  to  taking  the  doctor’s  degree,  or  to 
entering  the  study  of  law  or  some  branch  of  the  civil  service. 


HISTOEY  AND  POLITICS. 


23 


This  training-process  is  pursued  in  undergraduate  class- 
courses,  where  systematic  and  positive  instruction  is  given 
by  means  of  required  text-books,  lectures,  essays,  oral  reports, 
and  constant  drill.  The  work  extends,  in  its  various 
sections,  over  a period  of  three  years  (see  College  Courses, 
Sixth  Group,  in  Register).  Graduates  of  other  institutions 
who  have  not  had  the  equivalent  of  the  preliminary  courses 
in  History  and  Politics  are  expected  to  make  up  their  defici- 
ency by  extra  work  in  undergraduate  classes. 

2.  Advanced  instruction  in  history,  economics,  historical 
and  comparative  jurisprudence,  historical  criticism,  methods 
of  research,  historiography,  politics,  administration,  social 
science,  and  statistics,  for  graduates,  or  special  students  of 
mature  years,  if  qualified  by  ability  and  previous  studies  to 
pursue  such  courses.  Undergraduates,  pursuing  a course 
for  the  bachelor’s  degree,  are  not  allowed  to  take  graduate 
work.  Advanced  instruction  is  given  chiefly  by  lectures, 
accompanied  by  private  readings  on  the  part  of  the  students, 
and  by  frequent  examinations,  both  oral  and  written,  upon 
the  special  topics  presented  for  consideration. 

(a.)  In  a three  years’  course  upon  the  History  of  Politics, 
Dr.  Adams  presents  each  year  characteristic  phases  of  the 
ancient  and  the  modern  State,  by  means  of  representative 
courses  of  lectures,  with  required  examinations  upon  the 
same  and  upon  private  reading  in  assigned  fields.  The  first 
year  is  devoted  to  the  early  history  of  institutions  and  to 
Greek  politics,  the  first  semester,  and  to  the  history  of 
Prussian  politics,  the  second  semester.  The  second  year,  first 
half,  is  given  to  Roman  constitutional  history,  and,  second 
half,  to  French  absolutism.  The  third  year,  the  two  centres 
of  instruction  are  Germanic  federations  and  Anglo-American 
institutions.  Each  year’s  work  is  independent  and  complete 
in  itself. 


24 


HISTORY  AND  POLITICS. 


(6.)  Mr.  Emmott  offers  a three  years’  course  in  Historical 
Jurisprudence,  with  the  following  subdivisions,  each  com- 
pleted in  one  year : history  and  principles  of  the  Roman 
law ; comparative  jurisprudence  of  the  principal  European 
systems ; history  of  the  English  law  of  real  property. 

(c.)  Dr.  Richard  T.  Ely  gives  to  graduates  and  special- 
ists advanced  instruction  in  Political  Economy,  extending 
through  a period  of  three  years,  and  relating  to  the  history 
of  economics,  money,  banking,  finance,  commerce,  social 
and  industrial  problems,  such  as  the  management  of  rail- 
roads and  corporations. 

(i d .)  Dr.  J.  F.  Jameson  has  developed  a systematic  course 
of  three  years’  instruction  for  graduate  students  in  Modern 
Historical  Criticism,  Modern  Historiography,  and  Modern 
Methods  of  Historical  Research.  He  is  also  developing,  in 
an  independent  way,  the  history  of  the  United  States  and 
of  the  individual  States,  from  the  formation  of  the  Federal 
Union.  In  lectures  and  original  studies  he  covers,  in  each 
annual  and  progressive  course,  a period  of  four  years. 

(e.)  Dr.  Woodrow  Wilson  has  been  engaged  for  a three 
years’  graduate  course  in  Administration  and  Comparative 
Politics.  Among  other  topics,  he  considers:  the  general 
principles  of  administration  as  illustrated  in  the  central  and 
local  governments  of  France,  Germany,  England,  Switzer- 
land, the  United  States,  and  Italy ; the  administration  of 
civil  justice ; town  and  city  government ; sanitation  and 
poor  relief  ; financial  administration  ; education  ; reorgani- 
zation ; responsibility;  control.  Each  year’s  course  is  com- 
plete in  itself. 

(/.)  Dr.  E.  R.  L.  Gould,  Expert  in  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Labor,  will  give  occasional  short  courses  of  practical  lectures 
upon  concrete  problems  of  Social  Science,  and  upon  Economic 
and  Social  Statistics,  with  illustrations  by  graphical  methods. 


HISTORY  AND  POLITICS. 


25 


3.  The  development  of  a spirit  of  original  research  among 
the  more  advanced  members.  This  end  is  attained  chiefly  in 
individual  ways,  by  the  constant  association  and  cooperation 
of  students  and  instructors,  not  only  in  advanced  classes  and 
in  various  fields  of  special  work,  but  in  an  organized  society 
called  the  Seminary  of  History  and  Politics,  meeting  in  its 
own  special  library  one  evening  each  week  for  the  report 
and  discussion  of  original  studies.  For  several  years  the 
scientific  researches  of  members  of  the  Seminary  have  been 
more  especially  in  local  fields  of  American  institutional  and 
American  economic  history,  but  there  is  now  a growing 
tendency  to  extend  inquiries  into  the  broader  domain  of 
comparative  politics  and  economics.  The  best  results  of 
original  and  organized  inquiry  by  this  department  have  been 
published  in  nine  volumes  of  ‘ ‘ Historical  Studies. 9 ’ Recently, 
under  the  direction  of  Dr.  Adams,  the  history  of  higher 
education  in  individual  States  on  the  Southern  Atlantic  sea- 
board has  been  written  by  students  representing  those  States. 
The  results  will  soon  be  published  by  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of 
Education,  and  an  extension  of  the  work  of  historical  inquiry 
into  States  in  the  Northwest  and  Southwest  is  now  proposed. 
Under  Dr.  Ely’s  guidance,  special  attention  has  recently 
been  given  to  comparative  studies  in  finance,  and  to  the 
history  of  taxation. 

Library  Facilities,— The  department  of  History  and 
Politics  occupies  at  present  several  rooms  in  the  story  imme- 
diately above  the  main  library,  with  which  it  has  a double 
connection.  In  the  main  library  are  kept  general  works  of 
reference,  standard  literature,  ancient  and  modern,  and 
some  of  the  chief  authorities  in  the  general  fields  of  history, 
philosophy,  art,  and  science.  Here  also  is  a “ New  Book 
Department,”  in  which  are  exhibited  recent  publications  of 
scientific  value  in  French , German , or  English.  The  leading 


26 


HISTORY  AND  POLITICS. 


periodicals  of  various  countries  are  to  be  found  in  the  main 
library,  which  serves  also  as  a general  reading-room  for  the 
entire  university.  In  the  historical  rooms  above  are  grouped 
the  more  special  collections  of  books,  pamphlets,  and  period- 
icals relating  to  history  and  politics.  The  largest  room, 
51x29  feet,  is  exclusively  devoted  to  graduate  work  and 
contains  the  best  part  of  the  Seminary  library.  Here  is  the 
Bluntschli  collection  of  law  and  politics,  with  many  valuable 
manuscripts  on  Swiss  customs  obtained  from  the  family  of 
the  Heidelberg  professor.  Here,  too,  are  some  of  the  manu- 
scripts of  Francis  Lieber.  American  and  European  history, 
political  economy,  international  law,  the  science  of  govern- 
ment, administration,  social  science  and  statistics,  are  the 
principal  fields  from  which  materials  have  been  gathered  for 
seminary-use.  Altogether  the  seminary  collection  numbers 
about  12,000  volumes.  Lectures  to  graduates  and  seminary- 
exercises  are  held  amid  an  environment  of  books.  Under- 
graduate classes  have  their  respective  rooms,  with  an  equip- 
ment of  maps,  diagrams,  and  works  of  reference  for  class 
use.  Instructors  have  their  private  offices  where,  at  certain 
hours,  they  may  be  consulted  by  their  students.  The 
department  has  its  special  librarian,  Mr.  J.  M.  Vincent,  who 
gives  such  assistance  as  may  be  needed  in  the  use  of  books, 
and  who  lectures  upon  library  administration  and  literary 
methods.  Among  the  library-facilities  of  the  department 
should  be  mentioned  the  easy  access  of  students  and 
instructors  to  the  valuable  collections  of  the  Maryland  His- 
torical Society,  the  Mercantile  and  Law  Libraries,  the  Whit- 
tingham  Library  (especially  rich  in  Church  History),  the 
Pratt  Public  Library,  and  the  Peabody  Institute,  which  con- 
tains 90,000  volumes  and  is  especially  rich  in  the  sources  of 
European  history. 

Visits  are  occasionally  made  to  Washington  for  the  con- 
sultation of  the  Congressional  and  other  libraries. 


MATHEMATICS. 


27 


MATHEMATICS. 

The  more  advanced  courses  in  Mathematics  vary  from 
year  to  year,  and  are  so  arranged  that  a student  who  remains 
here  two  or  three  years  may  receive  continued  and  systematic 
guidance  in  any  one  of  several  directions.  The  head  of  this 
group  is  Professor  Simon  Newcomb,  whose  personal  instruc- 
tions are  given  chiefly  in  theoretical  and  practical  Astron- 
omy. The  courses  in  pure  mathematics  are  given  by  Asso- 
ciate Professors  Story  and  Craig,  with  the  co-operation  of 
Dr.  Franklin,  and  with  such  other  assistance  as  may  be 
requisite.  Subjects  in  mathematical  physics  are  treated  by 
Professor  Rowland.  The  less  advanced  subjects  in  mathe- 
matics are  nearly  the  same  every  year. 

Students  properly  qualified  have  open  to  them  the  fol- 
lowing courses  : 

In  Arithmetic , Algebra , and  Geometry  : 

Theory  of  Higher  Plane  Curves. 

Solid  Analytical  Geometry. 

Modern  Algebra. 

Theory  of  N umbers. 

Quaternions. 

In  Analysis  : 

Theory  of  Functions. 

Linear  Differential  Equations. 

Abelian  Functions. 

Elliptic  Functions. 

In  Astronomy : 

Spherical  Astronomy. 

Practical  Astronomy  (with  use  of  instruments— see  beyond) 
History  of  Astronomy. 

Computation  of  Orbits. 

Perturbations. 


28 


MATHEMATICS. 


In  Applied  Mathematics  : 

Hydrodynamics. 

Theory  of  Elasticity. 

Theoretical  Dynamics. 

Problems  in  Mechanics. 

In  Mathematical  Physics  : 

Theory  of  Light. 

Thermodynamics  and  Conduction. 

Electricity. 

Magnetism. 

Theory  of  Sound. 

Undergraduates  are  annually  instructed  in  : 

Advanced  Algebra  (introductory  to  the  Calculus). 

Theory  of  Equations. 

Conic  Sections. 

Differential  and  Integral  Calculus. 

Differential  Equations. 

Solid  Analytic  Geometry. 

Seminary  work  is  carried  on  by  Professor  Newcomb,  Dr. 
Story,  and  Dr.  Craig. 

The  principal  books  and  journals  relating  to  pure  and 
applied  mathematics  are  arranged  in  a special  library  con- 
venient to  the  classrooms.  All  the  leading  mathematical 
journals  are  regularly  received,  besides  the  publications  of 
learned  societies  abroad  and  at  home.  Complete  sets  of  the 
Comptes  Rendus,  Philosophical  Magazine,  Crelle,  Mathe- 
raatische  Annalen,  Acta  Mathematica,  Grunert,  Poggen- 
dorff,  etc.,  are  accessible. 

The  university  has  a collection  of  about  two  hundred  and 
thirty  geometrical  models,  illustrating  the  forms  of  mathe- 
matical solids,  surfaces,  and  curves,  their  singularities  and 
varieties,  and  the  methods  of  descriptive  geometry  by  which 
they  are  represented  on  a plane. 

The  American  Mathematical  Journal , founded  by  Pro- 


ASTRONOMY. 


29 


fessor  Sylvester,  and  edited  in  recent  years  by  Professor 
Newcomb  and  Dr.  Craig,  has  nearly  completed  its  tenth 
volume. 

ASTRONOMY. 

The  instruction  in  Astronomy  is  given  by  Professor  Simon 
Newcomb,  and  includes  a study  of  the  principles  of  the 
science,  illustrated  and  enforced  by  practical  exercises.  Dif- 
ferent branches  of  the  subject  are  taken  up  in  different  years. 
Before  the  present  year  it  was  taught  only  as  a subsidiary 
subject,  and  a student  generally  took  up  but  a single  branch, 
either  Spherical  Astronomy  or  the  elements  of  Celestial 
Mechanics.  In  1887-8,  the  courses  were  so  extended  as  to 
cover  the  ground  required  to  make  it  a principal  subject. 
The  general  plan  of  work  is  now  as  follows : 

One  year  of  the  course,  generally  but  not  necessarily  the 
first,  is  devoted  to  Spherical  and  Practical  Astronomy,  the 
Theory  of  Instruments  with  the  principles  which  underlie 
their  use,  and  the  history  of  the  science.  During  the  year 
1887-8,  Chauvenet’s  Manual  was  the  text-book  in  the  first- 
named  subject.  For  instrumental  practice  a small  meridian 
circle  has  been  procured,  which  is  provided  with  nearly  all 
the  accessories  accompanying  the  largest  instruments,  so 
that  the  student  may  make  himself  practically  acquainted 
with  their  use.  An  equatorial  telescope  of  inches  aper- 
ture is  also  among  the  instruments  provided  for  practical 
work. 

Among  the  subjects  very  fully  treated  during  the  present 
year  were  the  theories  of  precession  and  mutation,  with  their 
application  to  the  reduction  of  places  of  the  fixed  stars,  the 
development  of  functions  in  periodic  series,  the  theory  of 
errors,  and  the  method  of  least  squares.  The  seminary 
course  in  the  history  of  astronomy  included  readings  from 


30 


PHYSICS. 


and  comments  on  the  Almagest  of  Ptolemy,  a general  review 
of  the  works  of  the  leading  astronomers  of  ancient  and  mod- 
ern times,  and  an  account  of  the  successive  steps  by  which 
the  instruments  of  the  astronomer  were  brought  to  their 
present  state  of  perfection. 

It  is  intended  that  another  year  shall  be  devoted  princi- 
pally to  Celestial  Mechanics,  the  computation  of  perturba- 
tions, and  the  correction  of  orbits,  using  Watson’s  Astronomy 
as  the  text-book.  The  third  year  may  be  devoted  to  such 
special  researches  as  the  taste  and  aptitude  of  the  student 
may  lead  him  to  engage  in. 

PHYSICS. 

The  instruction  in  Physics  is  under  the  charge  of  Professor 
Rowland,  Director  of  the  Laboratory,  with  the  aid  of  Drs. 
Kimball,  Duncan,  and  Crew. 

The  courses  in  Physics  are  designed  to  afford  suitable 
instruction  and  guidance  for  all  classes  of  students,  from 
those  just  beginning  the  study  to  those  already  prepared  for 
advanced  work.  Courses  are  also  provided  in  applied  elec- 
tricity, of  which  an  account  is  given  beyond. 

The  laboratory  is  a handsome  and  commodious  building, 
117  feet  long  by  71  feet  wide,  with  four  working  floors, 
besides  the  basement.  Beneath  the  basement  are  constant 
temperature  vaults,  for  the  dividing  engines  used  in  ruling 
gratings  for  optical  purposes,  and  comparators  for  measuring 
lengths.  In  the  front  part  of  the  basement  are  the  instru- 
ment shops,  and  the  engine  and  dynamo  rooms.  In  the  rear 
are  the  battery  room  and  rooms  for  investigations  in  elec- 
tricity and  magnetism  ; this  part  of  the  building  contains 
no  iron.  On  the  first  floor  are  the  main  lecture-room,  two 
rooms  for  heat  experiments,  and  the  rest  of  the  space  is  used 


PHYSICS. 


31 


for  work  in  electricity  and  magnetism.  The  second  floor 
contains  the  director’s  study  and  library,  the  general  library, 
mathematical  lecture-rooms,  and  studies.  On  the  third  floor 
are  the  elementary  laboratories  and  studies.  The  fourth 
floor  is  specially  fitted  up  for  investigations  in . light, 
including  a balcony  for  heliostats,  spectrometer  and  photo- 
graphing rooms,  and  other  ample  facilities  for  work  on  spec- 
troscopy and  for  special  investigations  in  light.  On  the  roof 
is  a platform  for  open  air  experiments,  and  the  tower  is  sur- 
mounted by  the  dome  of  the  astronomical  observatory. 

The  physical  apparatus  includes,  besides  a full  equipment 
for  lecture  purposes,  a very  complete  and  valuable  collec- 
tion of  instruments  for  measurement  and  research.  Many 
of  these  have  been  made  from  special  designs,  others  have 
been  purchased  from  European  and  American  makers  ; all 
of  them  have  been  carefully  selected  to  accomplish  the  pur- 
poses for  which  they  are  intended. 

The  laboratory  is  peculiarly  well  furnished  for  carrying 
on  investigations  in  electricity  and  magnetism  and  in  light. 

A circular  containing  the  plan  of  the  building  with  a 
somewhat  detailed  statement  of  its  instrumental  equipment, 
will  be  sent  on  application. 

The  mathematical  and  physical  library  of  the  university 
is  placed  in  the  laboratory,  so  that  it  is  easily  accessible  at 
any  time.  About  seventy  different  periodicals,  including 
the  more  important  journals  published  on  such  subjects,  in 
English,  French,  German,  and  Italian,  are  here  kept  on  file  : 
— among  them 

London,  Edinburgh,  and  Dublin  Philosophical  Magazine,  Amer- 
ican Journal  of  Science,  Wiedemann’s  Annalen  and  Beiblatter, 
Journal  de  Physique,  Annales  de  Physique  et  de  Chimie,  Comptes 
Rendus,  Nature,  Exner’s  Repertorium  der  Physik,  Philosophical 
Transactions,  Proceedings  of  the  Royal  Society,  London  Engi- 
neering, Railroad  and  Engineering  Journal,  Electrician,  Electri- 


32 


PHYSICS. 


cal  Review,  LaLumiere  Electrique,  Proceedings  of  the  Cambridge 
Philosophical  Society. 

The  following  is  a general  view  of  the  courses  that  are 
offered : 

First  Year  [Minor)  Course . — This  course  is  intended  for 
undergraduates  who  are  taking  up  the  subject  for  the  first 
time,  or  who  have  only  studied  it  in  a very  elementary  man- 
ner. A knowledge  of  plane  trigonometry  (at  least  extending 
to  the  solution  of  right-angled  triangles)  and  of  the  use  of 
logarithms  is  required  for  entrance  on  this  course. 

Lectures  and  recitations  are  continued  through  the  year 
on  Mechanics,  Sound,  Heat,  Light,  Electricity,  and  Magnet- 
ism,— accompanied  by  regular  work  in  the  laboratory,  in 
which  the  student  carries  out  simple  experiments  illustrat- 
ing the  facts  and  principles  considered  in  the  classroom. 

Second  Year  (Major)  Course . — This  course  is  designed  to 
meet  the  wants  of  both  graduates  and  undergraduates  who 
have  already  taken  either  the  first  year’s  course  or  its 
equivalent,  and  who  wish  to  pursue  further  their  physical 
studies.  A working  knowledge  of  analytic  geometry  and 
calculus  is  required  for  admission  to  this  course.  The  stu- 
dent, during  this  year,  continues  his  laboratory  work  and 
follows  lectures  and  recitations  on  the  following  subjects : — 

Dynamics,  beginning  with  the  study  of  the  particle  and  extend- 
ing to  some  of  the  simpler  problems  in  the  motion  of  a rigid  body. 

Elementary  Thermodynamics,  based  on  Maxwell’s  Theory  of 
Heat. 

The  Theory  of  Electricity  and  Magnetism. 

The  Relation  of  Sound  to  Sensation,  based  on  the  “ Tonempfln- 
dungen”  of  Helmholtz. 

The  Wave  Theory  of  Light,  with  special  reference  to  interfer- 
ence and  diffraction,  and  the  various  phenomena  of  polarized 
light  in  crystalline  media ; and  the  theory  of  optical  instruments. 

The  laboratory  work  of  this  year  includes  problems  that  present 
more  experimental  difficulties  than  those  undertaken  during  the 


PHYSICS. 


33 


first  year,  or  involve  more  mathematical  knowledge  for  their 
complete  discussion ; written  reports  are  required  as  in  the  first 
year’s  course.  Usually  during  the  year  special  problems  will  be 
assigned  to  the  students,  which  they  will  be  expected  to  work  out 
in  a complete  manner,  taking  necessarily  more  time  than  is  re- 
quired for  the  ordinary  problems  of  the  course. 

Advanced  Work . — Advanced  courses  are  provided  for 
those  students  who  propose  to  devote  themselves  to  the 
study  of  Physics,  either  as  teachers  or  investigators.  Such 
students  devote  a large  part  of  their  time  to  work  in  the 
laboratory,  where  they  have  the  direct  supervision  of  the 
instructors,  at  first  carrying  out  experiments  which  famil- 
iarize them  with  the  more  important  instruments  used  in 
research,  with  the  precautions  necessary  to  obtain  the 
utmost  accuracy  in  using  instruments  of  precision,  and  with 
general  experimental  methods ; afterwards  taking  up,  under 
the  guidance  of  the  instructors,  some  research  designed  to 
be  of  permanent  value. 

An  effort  is  made  to  render  the  laboratory  as  useful  as 
possible  to  advanced  students  and  investigators.  Those  who 
are  prepared  for  such  work  will  have  the  facilities  which  it 
affords  placed  most  freely  at  their  disposal,  and  will  receive 
every  assistance  that  the  instructors  can  give. 

Advanced  students  are  expected  to  give  as  much  of  their 
time  as  possible  to  work  in  the  laboratory. 

The  following  courses  of  lectures  in  Mathematical  Physics 
are  given : 

Courses,  continuing  through  two  years,  are  given  in  Ther- 
modynamics, Heat  Conduction,  Physical  Optics,  Electricity, 
and  Magnetism.  These  lectures  develop  fully  the  mathe- 
matical treatment  of  the  subject,  and  to  follow  them  the 
student  should  have  sufficient  mathematical  knowledge  to 
read  such  authors  as  Maxwell,  Thomson,  Stokes,  Green, 
Fourier,  etc. 


34 


PHYSICS. 


Shorter  courses  are  given  in  Hydrodynamics,  Theory  of 
Elasticity,  Theory  of  Sound,  Mechanics,  Problems  in 
Mechanics,  etc. 

The  advanced  students  meet  with  the  instructors  once  a 
week  for  the  reading  and  discussion  of  the  current  physical 
journals.  In  this  way  the  student  becomes  familiar  with  the 
progress  of  the  science  in  different  parts  of  the  world,  and 
with  the  questions  which  are  exciting  the  attention  of 
physicists. 


Applied  Electricity  and  Magnetism. 

Instruction  of  Electrical  Engineers. 

By  the  completion  of  the  new  laboratory,  the  university  is 
enabled  to  make  arrangements  for  the  education  of  Elec- 
trical Engineers.  Their  instruction,  under  the  general 
supervision  of  Professor  Rowland,  is  directed  by  Louis 
Duncan,  Ph.D.,  a graduate  of  the  U.  S.  Naval  Academy 
and  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University,  who  was  for  several 
months  chairman  of  the  Testing  Committee  in  the  Interna- 
tional Electrical  Exhibition  at  Philadelphia. 

Rooms  and  Apparatus.—  The  basement  and  most  of  the 
rooms  on  the  first  floor  of  the  laboratory  are  set  apart  for 
work  in  Electricity  and  Magnetism.  In  addition  to  its  other 
instruments,  the  university  has  recently  acquired  by  gift  and 
purchase  a large  number  of  engines,  dynamos,  and  pieces  of 
apparatus  indispensable  for  such  studies.  Among  the  more 
important  the  following  may  be  named  : 

Straight  line  engine  (eighteen  horse  power). 

Gas  engine  (two  horse  power). 

Tatham  mechanical  dynamometer. 

Edison  shunt  wound  dynamo. 

Siemens  alternating  dynamo  with  exciter. 

Gramme  permanent  magnet  dynamo. 

Sprague  motor  (two  horse  power). 


ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM. 


35 


Sprague  motor  (one  horse  power). 

Sprague  motor  (one-half  horse  power). 

Baxter  motor  (one  horse  power). 

Eddy  motor  (one-half  horse  power). 

Electric  lamps,  arc  and  incandescent. 

Photometers. 

Electro-dynamometers. 

Galvanometers. 

Quadrant  electrometers. 

Absolute  electrometer. 

Resistance  boxes. 

Weston  shunt  wound  dynamo. 

Brush  series  wound  dynamo. 

Siemens  series  wound  dynamo. 

Forty-five  storage  cells. 

Standard  resistances. 

Powerful  electro-magnets. 

Jenkins’  form  Wheatstone  bridge. 

Fleming’s  form  Wheatstone  bridge. 

Magnetometer. 

Earth  inductors. 

Thomson’s  potential  and  current  galvanometers. 

Thomson’s  electrostatic  voltmeter. 

Fixed  resistance  for  measuring  heavy  currents. 

Methods  of  Instruction . — A special  course  is  arranged  for 
advanced  students  who  have  completed  a general  education 
and  who  wish  to  study  the  theory  and  applications  of  elec- 
tricity. 

While  a knowledge  of  the  theory  is  important  in  every 
branch  of  applied  science,  this  is  especially  the  case  with 
electricity,  in  which  the  applications  increase  so  rapidly  and 
the  practice  so  frequently  changes,  that  without  sound 
theoretical  knowledge  it  is  impossible  to  keep  abreast  of  the 
advance  of  the  science,  or  even  to  understand  the  inventions 
which  are  daily  made  public.  Yet  theoretical  knowledge  is 
unfruitful  without  knowledge  of  the  means  of  its  applica- 
tion, such  as  can  only  be  obtained  by  experimental  work. 

The  course,  then,  is  intended  to  teach  the  theory  of  elec- 


36 


ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM. 


tricity  with  a special  view  to  its  practical  application,  to 
familiarize  the  student  with  electrical  instruments  and 
methods  of  experiment,  and  to  give  him  a knowledge  of  the 
theory  and  practice  of  those  applications  that  are  in  successful 
use  and  with  which  he  will  probably  come  into  contact. 

The  instruction  extends  through  two  years  and  includes 
lectures  on  theoretical  and  applied  electricity,  with  constant 
laboratory  work.  The  lectures  aim  to  give  a clear  working 
knowledge  of  the  science,  while  in  the  laboratory  the  student 
receives  what  help  and  instruction  he  may  need,  yet  at  the 
same  time  he  is  taught  to  depend  upon  and  think  for  himself, 
and  is  given  every  encouragement  for  the  undertaking  of 
original  work. 

To  follow  the  course  the  student  should  have  a knowledge 
of  mathematics  through  the  differential  and  integral  calculus. 
An  acquaintance  with  French  and  German  is  most  desirable. 

First  Year . — The  lectures  will  present  so  much  of  the 
physical  and  mathematical  theory  as  is  considered  useful,  for 
application.  The  mathematical  treatment  follows  Mascart 
and  Joubert’s  ‘ 4 Electricity  and  Magnetism.”  There  are 
three  lectures  each  week. 

The  laboratory  work  will  include  measurements  of  resist- 
ance, current,  potential,  capacity,  etc.,  with  voltameter  and 
calorimeter  work,  and  the  student  will  be  familiarized  with 
the  instruments  used  in  electrical  measurements,  galvano- 
meters, electro-dynamometers,  resistance  coils,  condensers, 
etc.  On  finishing  this  work,  the  student  will  be  given 
experiments,  such  as  the  construction  and  measurement  of 
standard  cells,  the  determination  of  the  magnetism  of  iron, 
the  determination  of  specific  inductive  capacity,  etc.,  which 
will  bring  into  use  the  methods  he  has  already  studied.  He 
will  then  be  given  practical  work  with  dynamos,  motors, 
etc.  There  will  be  a weekly  meeting  for  the  purpose  of  dis- 


ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM.  37 

cussing  articles  of  interest  appearing  in  the  electrical 
journals. 

Besides  the  work  in  electricity,  lectures  in  mathematics, 
chemistry,  and  such  other  subjects  as  the  student  requires, 
may  be  followed. 

Second  Year . — In  the  second  year  the  theory  of  dynamos, 
motors,  the  transmission  and  distribution  of  energy,  the 
telegraph,  the  telephone,  storage  batteries,  alternating 
current  systems  and  apparatus,  etc.,  will  be  discussed. 

The  laboratory  work  will  continue  the  tests  and  running  of 
dynamos  and  motors,  the  efficiency  and  practical  working  of 
secondary  and  primary  batteries,  photometer  work,  testing 
of  telegraph  lines,  experiments  on  the  electrical  transmission 
of  energy,  telephone  work,  etc.,  with  such  original  investi- 
gations as  the  student  is  able  to  carry  on.  There  will  be  a 
weekly  meeting  for  the  discussion  of  the  current  literature 
of  the  subject. 

The  student  will  have  time  for  other  selected  studies,  and 
in  either  the  first  or  the  second  year  of  this  course  he  must 
take  the  advanced  course  in  General  Physics  (elsewhere 
designated  as  the  major  course  for  undergraduates),  or  its 
equivalent. 

At  the  end  of  the  second  year  a final  examination  will  be 
held,  and  on  passing  it  the  student  will  be  given  a certificate 
stating  that  he  has  pursued  the  course  in  applied  electricity 
and  has  passed  the  required  examinations. 

For  the  theory  of  the  subject  the  works  of  the  following  named 
authors  are  used  for  reference:  Mascart  and  Joubert,  Faraday, 
Maxwell,  De  la  Rive,  Noad,  Niederman,  Mascart,  Thomson,  Joule, 
and  others. 

In  the  study  of  the  applications  the  works  of  S.  P.  Thompson, 
Preece,  Prescott,  Du  Moncel,  Joubert,  Hopkinson,  Kapp,  and 
others  are  referred  to,  with  many  technical  papers  that  have  been 
published  in  different  journals  or  read  before  various  societies. 


38 


ELECTRICITY  AND  MAGNETISM. 


There  being  no  provision  in  this  country  for  the  accurate 
comparison  of  electrical  standards  and  apparatus,  it  has  been 
decided  to  provide  means  for  such  measurements  here.  The 
comparisons  will  be  made  by  Dr.  G.  A.  Liebig,  Jr.,  Assist- 
ant in  Electricity,  under  the  supervision  of  Professor  Row- 
land and  Dr.  Duncan. 

The  measurements  that  will  be  undertaken  are  the  com- 
parison of  resistances,  potential,  current,  measuring  instru- 
ments, capacities,  the  efficiencies  of  dynamos  and  motors, 
the  constants  of  batteries,  cables,  etc. 

CHEMISTRY. 

The  instruction  in  Chemistry  is  under  the  charge  of  Pro- 
fessor Remsen,  Director  of  the  Laboratory,  with  the 
cooperation  of  Dr.  Morse,  Sub-director,  Dr.  Renouf,  First 
Assistant,  and  other  aids. 

The  Chemical  Laboratory  is  a well-equipped  building  which 
was  enlarged  and  put  in  its  present  condition  in  1883.  In  it 
there  are  eighty-five  working  desks,  so  arranged  as  to 
accommodate  about  one  hundred  and  twenty  students.  There 
are  two  large  working  rooms  devoted  to  general  and  analyt- 
ical work,  and  one  somewhat  smaller  intended  for  those  who 
are  engaged  in  research.  Besides  these  there  are  smaller 
rooms  devoted  to  special  objects  such  as  gas  analysis,  spectrum 
analysis,  combustion,  furnace  operations,  etc.  There  is  an 
excellent  library  in  the  laboratory  building  always  open 
during  the  working  hours.  It  contains  full  sets  of  all  the 
important  chemical  journals,  as  : 

Annalen  der  Chemie,  Berichte  der  deutschen  chemischen 
Gesellschaft,  Journal  fur  praktische  Chemie,  Annales  de  Chimie 
et  de  Physique,  Journal  of  the  (London)  Chemical  Society,  Jahres- 
bericht  iiber  die  Fortschritte  der  Chemie,  Wagner’s  Jahres- 
bericht  tiber  chemische  Technologie,  etc. 


CHEMISTRY. 


39 


It  also  contains  the  principal  text-books,  and  other  publi- 
cations relating  to  chemistry. 

The  instruction  is  adapted  to  all  grades  of  students  from 
the  beginner  to  the  candidate  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy.  The  higher  or  graduate  work  is  based  upon 
that  given  in  the  two  years’  undergraduate  course,  and  those 
graduates  of  other  colleges  who  have  not  followed  courses 
equivalent  to  this,  begin  with  that  part  of  the  undergrad- 
uate work  which  appears  to  be  best  suited  to  their  needs. 
The  following  outline  of  the  work  from  the  beginning  will 
give  a general  idea  of  its  character. 

Undergraduate  work : First  year . — From  five  to  six  hours 
each  week  through  the  year  are  given  to  laboratory  practice 
under  the  direction  of  competent  instructors.  Three  lectures 
are  given  each  week  by  Professor  Remsen,  and  two  reviews 
on  the  subjects  treated  in  the  lectures  and  on  the  laboratory 
work  are  held  by  Dr.  Renouf.  The  ground  covered  by  this 
course  is  approximately  that  laid  down  in  “An  Introduction 
to  the  Study  of  Chemistry,”  by  Ira  Remsen  (Holt,  New 
York),  which  is  the  text-book  used. 

Undergraduate  work : Second  year.— In  this  year  the  same 
amount  of  time  is  given  to  the  laboratory  as  in  the  first  year. 
The  guide  used  will  next  year  be  an  abbreviation  of  the 
“Experiments  in  General  Chemistry  and  Introduction  to 
Chemical  Analysis,”  by  Jacob  Volhard  and  Clemens  Zimmer- 
mann,  translated  by  Edward  Renouf.  The  object  in  view  is 
to  give  a more  complete  knowledge  of  the  phenomena  of 
chemistry  than  is  given  in  the  first  year,  and  at  the  same 
time  to  clear  up  the  ideas  already  gained.  To  some  extent 
qualitative  analysis  is  taken  up,  but  only  for  the  purpose  of 
aiding  in  the  instruction  in  chemical  principles.  The  making 
of  preparations  both  of  inorganic  and  organic  compounds 
will  hereafter  play  a more  important  part  than  heretofore. 


40 


CHEMISTRY. 


Besides  the  laboratory  practice  the  course  includes  two  class- 
room exercises  each  week  in  general  Inorganic  Chemistry, 
based  largely  upon  the  laboratory  work  and  conducted  by 
Dr.  Morse  ; two  lectures  on  the  Chemistry  of  the  Compounds 
of  Carbon,  by  Professor  Remsen,  based  upon  his  “ Introduc- 
tion to  the  Study  of  the  Compounds  of  Carbon’ ’ (Heath, 
Boston)  ; and  one  review  on  the  latter  subject  conducted  by 
Dr.  Renouf. 

Graduate  work . — The  work  of  graduates  is  carried  on  in 
the  laboratory  more  largely  than  that  of  undergraduates. 
The  object  at  first  sought  for  is  the  perfection  of  the  students 
in  the  use  of  analytical  methods.  The  subject  of  qualitative 
analysis  is  taken  up  thoroughly  after  a careful  study  of 
reactions  as  laid  down  in  the  Introduction  to  Chemical 
Analysis  by  Volhard  and  Zimmermann,  while  at  the  same 
time  the  study  of  general  chemistry  is  continued.  A pro- 
longed course  in  quantitative  analysis,  including  gas  analysis, 
follows.  The  analytical  work,  which  is  largely  under  the 
supervision  of  Associate  Professor  Morse,  requires  about  a 
year  and  a half  for  its  completion.  After  this  an  oppor- 
tunity is  given  for  the  preparation  of  a variety  of  compounds 
involving  methods  of  general  importance,  or  illustrating 
important  classes.  The  course  in  the  preparation  of  organic 
compounds  is  that  laid  down  in  Remsen’ s “ Introduction  to 
the  Study  of  the  Compounds  of  Carbon,”  supplemented  by 
selections  from  Levy’s  “Anleitung  zur  Darstellung  organ- 
ischer  Praparate.”  During  the  last  year  of  the  work  the 
student  generally  undertakes  some  investigation  under  the 
guidance  of  the  professor,  and,  in  case  he  is  a candidate  for 
the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  his  thesis  is  based  upon 
the  results  obtained  in  the  course  of  the  investigation.  The 
essential  parts  of  the  thesis  are  afterwards  published  in  the 
American  Chemical  Journal . 


CHEMISTRY. 


41 


Lectures  on  different  topics  are  offered  to  graduate  students 
in  different  years.  During  the  year  1887-88,  a course  of  two 
lectures  a week  on  Theoretical  Chemistry  was  given  by  Pro- 
fessor Remsen,  based  upon  his  “ Principles  of  Theoretical 
Chemistry  ” (Lea  Brothers  & Co.,  Phila.).  There  was  also 
a course  of  between  twenty  and  thirty  lectures  in  the  field  of 
Historical  Chemistry,  in  which  the  advanced  students  as 
well  as  the  instructors  took  part,  each  one  working  up  an 
assigned  topic  and  presenting  the  results  in  the  form  of  one 
or  more  lectures.  Weekly  meetings  were  held  to  hear  reports 
upon  the  contents  of  the  important  journals  of  chemistry. 
Reports  were  furnished  in  turn  by  most  of  those  who  attended 
these  meetings.  Next  year,  1888-89,  Professor  Remsen  will 
give  a course  of  two  lectures  a week  on  Advanced  Organic 
Chemistry  instead  of  the  course  on  Theoretical  Chemistry 
given  during  the  present  year.  The  historical  course  and 
the  journal  meetings  will  be  continued.  Dr.  Morse  will  also 
give  some  lectures  upon  topics  suited  to  the  needs  of  the 
more  advanced  students. 

While  in  the  courses  outlined  above  the  books  mentioned 
are  used  as  the  guides,  it  must  not  be  concluded  that 
the  instruction  in  any  case  is  confined  to  what  is  presented 
in  the  book.  Students  are  constantly  referred  to  the  jour- 
nals and  other  publications  in  which  there  are  articles  bear- 
ing upon  their  work.  Further,  the  chief  instruction  in  every 
course  is  that  which  is  given  in  the  laboratory. 

As  regards  the  time  required  by  a graduate  student  to  do 
the  work  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy,  it  can  only 
be  said  that  one  who  has  the  necessary  qualifications  can 
do  it  in  three  years  after  having  such  a course  as  that  which 
is  given  to  the  undergraduates  of  this  university  who  follow 
chemistry  for  two  years.  Those  who  have  not  had  this 
preparation  will  generally  require  a longer  time.  There  are 


42 


CHEMISTRY. 


no  stereotyped  courses  which  lead  to  the  higher  degree,  and 
it  is  impossible  to  say  exactly  what  must  be  accomplished  to 
attain  it.  What  is  desired  is  a certain  maturity  of  mind 
with  reference  to  the  science  of  chemistry,  and  an  ability  to 
deal  with  chemical  problems  intelligently.  This  condition 
of  mind  is  reached,  if  reached  at  all,  by  long-continued  lab- 
oratory training  accompanied  by  careful  study  of  the  jour- 
nals of  chemistry.  It  may  be  said  finally  that  the  arrange- 
ments of  the  laboratory  are  made  mainly  with  reference  to 
those  who  desire  to  take  up  the  study  of  chemistry  in  a broad 
way,  and  that  those  who  want  short  courses  in  special 
branches  of  chemistry  are  not  advised  to  come  here.  It  is 
believed  that  whatever  object  the  student  may  have  in  view, 
whether  he  intends  to  teach  or  to  follow  some  branch  of 
applied  chemistry,  the  best  preparation  he  can  have  is  a 
thorough  training  in  the  pure  science. 

The  American  Chemical  Journal , edited  by  Professor 
Remsen,  is  now  in  its  tenth  volume. 

MINERALOGY  AND  GEOLOGY. 

The  instruction  in  Mineralogy  and  Geology  is  given  by  Dr. 
George  H.  Williams,  Associate  Professor  of  Mineralogy, 
who  followed  the  courses  of  Professor  Rosenbusch  in  Heidel- 
berg for  three  years,  and  received  from  the  University  of 
Heidelberg  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  in  1882.  He 
is  assisted  in  Historical  Geology  and  Palaeontology  by  Dr. 
William  B.  Clark,  who  received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy  at  Munich  in  1887. 

For  the  work  of  this  group  of  students  a separate  building 
(No.  610  North  Howard  St.)  has  been  set  apart,  where  the 
specimens,  books,  and  instruments  are  brought  together. 
This  laboratory  is  open  daily  from  nine  o’clock  a.  m.  to  five 
o’clock  p.  m. 


MINERALOGY  AND  GEOLOGY. 


43 


The  advanced  mineralogical  course  embraces  lectures 
(throughout  the  year)  on  crystallography,  on  optical  and 
general  physical  mineralogy,  and  on  the  description  of  min- 
eral species.  Abundant  opportunity  is  also  given  to  students 
for  forming  a practical  acquaintance  with  the  minerals 
treated  of  in  these  lectures.  For  such  as  desire  to  devote 
more  time  to  this  subject,  facilities  and  instruction  are 
offered  in  crystal-measuring,  calculation,  drawing,  and  pro- 
jection, as  well  as  in  the  practical  determination  of  the 
optical  and  other  physical  constants  of  crystals. 

The  course  in  inorganic  geology  embraces  lectures  on 
petrography  and  dynamical  geology.  In  these  the  methods 
and  aims  of  the  recent  work  on  the  crystalline  rocks  are 
treated  in  considerable  detail.  The  system  of  classification 
followed  for  the  massive  rocks  is  essentially  that  of  Rosen- 
busch.  These  lectures  are,  however,  principally  intended  to 
guide  and  supplement  the  laboratory  work  in  petrography, 
by  which  students  are  made  practically  acquainted  with  the 
modern  methods  of  study. 

Dr.  Clark  will  supplement  the  instruction  in  inorganic 
geology  by  a brief  course  of  lectures  on  historical  geology. 

After  students  have  become  familiar  with  the  methods  of 
petrographical  investigation  by  the  study  of  typical  and 
described  material,  they  are  encouraged  to  undertake  orig- 
inal work.  The  results  of  a number  of  such  investigations, 
which  have  been  carried  on  in  the  Petrographical  Labora- 
tory, have  already  been  published  and  others  are  now  in 
progress.  Since  the  extreme  importance  of  field  work  in 
connection  with  the  laboratory  study  of  rocks  is  fully  appre- 
ciated, the  unusually  interesting  and  varied  area  of  crystal- 
line rocks  occurring  near  Baltimore  has  been  divided  into 
sections  five  miles  square,  as  described  in  the  Johns  Hopkins 
University  Circulars , No.  59.  One  of  these  sections  or  sheets 


44 


MINERALOGY  AND  GEOLOGY. 


may  be  assigned  to  a student  for  study,  and  his  results,  in 
the  form  of  a very  detailed  geological  map  accompanied  by 
complete  descriptions  of  the  rocks,  microscopical  and  other- 
wise, may  be  presented  as  a doctor’s  thesis.  The  weekly 
journal  meetings,  for  the  purpose  of  acquainting  advanced 
students  with  current  geological  literature,  form  an  integral 
part  of  this  work. 

The  nucleus  of  the  mineral  cabinet  is  a collection  made  by 
Professor  0.  D.  Allen,  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  New 
Haven.  This  collection  numbers  1600  specimens,  all  of 
small  size,  but  very  choice  and  typical.  Nearly  all  the  com- 
moner mineral  species  are  present  in  specimens  from  well 
known  localities,  both  in  this  country  and  Europe,  while  cer- 
tain American  localities  are  represented  by  almost  unique 
suites.  The  cabinet  has  been  increased  by  the  Root  Collec- 
tion, from  Clinton,  N.  Y.,  and  by  numerous  gifts  and  pur- 
chases. The  collection  of  the  Maryland  Academy  of  Sciences 
has  recently  been  presented  to  the  university.  In  the  pos- 
session of  the  university  and  in  the  private  collections  of  Dr. 
Williams,  there  are  now  about  2500  microscopic  rock-sections 
and  3500  hand  specimens.  These  represent  very  carefully 
selected  material  from  the  most  thoroughly  studied  localities 
of  both  Europe  and  America,  and  many  of  them  form  suites 
of  type-specimens  valuable  for  study  and  comparison. 
Among  those  belonging  to  the  university  may  be  named  : 

Stiirtz  collection  of  typical  European  rocks,  described  by 
Rosenbusch ; 

Hitchcock  collection  of  New  Hampshire  rocks,  described  by 
Hawes; 

Collection  of  European  rocks  made  by  Mr.  E.  Sanger; 

Collection  of  Baltimore  County  rocks,  described  by  Dr. 
Williams; 

Collection  of  Crystalline  Rocks  from  the  Lake  of  the  Woods 
region,  made  and  presented  by  Mr.  A.  C.  Lawson,  of  the  Geological 
Survey  of  Canada. 


MINERALOGY  AND  GEOLOGY. 


45 


In  addition  to  the  possessions  of  the  university,  private 
collections  of  Dr.  Williams  and  Dr.  Clark  are  also  accessible. 

The  geological  and  mineralogical  library  is  furnished  with 
the  principal  books  of  reference  and  journals.  The  fine  geo- 
logical library  at  the  Peabody  Institute  supplements  that  in 
the  possession  of  the  university,  especially  in  palaeontology. 
The  university  owns  a large  goniometer,  several  microscopes 
made  especially  for  rock  study,  apparatus  for  making  sepa- 
rations of  rock  constituents  and  for  preparing  rock-sections. 
It  also  owns  the  more  important  pieces  of  apparatus  for 
work  in  physical  mineralogy,  together  with  a complete  suite 
of  wooden  and  glass  crystal  models. 

For  the  use  of  workers  in  the  field  the  following  publica- 
tions will  be  found  useful : 

An  Excursion  Map  of  Baltimore  and  its  Neighborhood,  pre- 
pared for  the  Naturalists’  Field  Club.  Issued  by  the  Publication 
Agency  of  the  University.  Price  $1.00. 

Notes  on  the  Minerals  occurring  in  the  Neighborhood  of  Balti- 
more. By  Dr.  G.  H.  W illiams.  Issued  by  the  Publication  Agency 
of  the  University.  Price  35  cents. 

Bulletin  No.  28,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  containing  colored 
plates  and  a map,  and  giving  extended  petrographieal  studies  of 
many  of  the  rocks  near  Baltimore.  By  Dr.  G.  H.  Williams. 
Price  10  cents. 


BIOLOGY. 

The  instruction  in  Biology  is  directed  by  Dr.  H.  Newell 
Martin,  Professor  of  Biology,  with  the  assistance  of  Dr.  W. 
K.  Brooks,  Associate  Professor  of  Morphology,  and  Drs. 
Howell  and  Andrews. 

The  Biological  Laboratory,  a four-story  building  of  eighty 
by  fifty-four  feet,  was  opened  in  1884.  It  contains  large 
rooms  for  general  and  undergraduate  work,  and  workrooms 
for  advanced  students  or  those  engaged  in  research  ; also 


46 


BIOLOGY. 


special  rooms  for  chemical  physiology,  electrical  physiology, 
micro-photography,. myograph  work,  and  advanced  histology. 
In  the  laboratory  is  a library  containing  sets  of  all  the  im- 
portant biological  journals  and  a large  number  of  text-books 
and  books  of  reference. 

In  connection  with  the  biological  department,  a Marine 
Laboratory  has  been  opened,  under  the  direction  of  Dr. 
Brooks,  for  several  months  each  year  since  1879.  The 
material  accumulated  is  now  being  worked  up  for  publica- 
tion, and  the  Marine  Laboratory  will  not  be  opened  during 
this  year. 

The  regular  biological  course  continues  for  five  years  ; of 
this  period  two  years  are  undergraduate  work  leading  (with 
other  studies)  to  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Arts  ; three  years 
are  graduate  study  which  may  lead  to  the  degree  of  Doctor 
of  Philosophy.  A student  takes  one  or  more  of  these  years 
of  biological  study  according  to  the  object  he  has  in  view  : 
if  he  desire  merely  some  training  in  an  observational  science 
he  takes  only  one  year ; if  he  desire  to  prepare  himself  to 
enter  a medical  school  or  to  get  training  in  experimental 
science  he  takes  the  second  year’s  work  also ; after  com- 
pleting the  studies  of  the  second  year  he  selects  special 
departments  of  biology  (as  a graduate)  in  accordance  with 
his  aims  in  life. 

The  general  principle  which  governs  the  whole  plan  of  the 
regular  biological  courses  of  instruction  is  to  commence  with 
the  simplest  organisms  and  the  broadest  generalizations,  and 
thence  gradually  to  specialize.  This  specialization  ends, 
however,  before  the  student  enters  upon  the^tudy  of  minute 
technical  subdivisions  of  biological  science,  as,  for  example, 
the  medical  applications  of  physiology,  the  applications  of 
bacteriology  to  the  theories  of  the  causation  and  prevention 
of  disease,  the  study  of  insects  injurious  to  plants,  the  sue- 


BIOLOGY. 


47 


cessful  breeding  of  domestic  animals,  and  so  forth.  One 
great  object  of  the  course  is,,  by  a good  preliminary  training 
in  general  biological  science,  to  enable  competent  students 
quickly  and  thoroughly  to  master  the  facts  of  technical,  or 
as  it  may  be  named,  “ applied  ” biology. 

An  undergraduate  student  enters  upon  his  biological 
studies  at  the  commencement  of  his  second  year  after  matric- 
ulation, and  when  he  has  already  had  a year’s  training  in 
Physics  and  Chemistry.  The  main  part  of  the  work  during 
this  year  is  a study  of  the  fundamental  facts  of  Biology  ; 
the  relationships  and  comparison  of  living  and  not-living 
matter ; the  structure  and  activities  of  typical  plants  and 
animals  of  higher  and  lower  organization  ; the  principles  of 
classification ; the  evolution  of  complex  living  species  from 
less  specialized  ancestors  ; the  origin  of  all  the  higher  plants 
and  animals  from  a single  cell,  and  the  gradual  evolution  of 
tissues  and  organs  during  development. 

In  order  to  make  use  of  the  peculiar  value  of  biological 
studies  in  training  younger  students  to  observe  accurately, 
at  least  five  hours  of  laboratory  work  each  week  are  required 
throughout  the  year,  and  in  addition  the  human  and  some 
other  typical  skeletons  are  examined  minutely  by  the  class ; 
while  in  the  spring  there  is  a two  months’  course  in  the 
elements  of  structural  and  systematic  Botany. 

During  the  second  year  of  biological  study  the  student 
takes  up  vertebrate  anatomy  and  histology,  and  the  elements 
of  zoology.  In  addition  he  must  either  take  a course  (three 
lectures  weekly  for  six  months)  in  animal  physiology,  or  a 
course  in  animal  morphology  : the  earliest  permitted  special- 
ization of  biological  studies  thus  commences.  He  must  also 
spend  at  least  six  hours  a week  on  practical  studies  in  the 
laboratory  throughout  the  year.  A third  permissible  line  of 
specialization  commencing  at  this  stage,  namely  Botany,  has 


48 


BIOLOGY. 


always  been  contemplated  since  the  organization  of  the  bio- 
logical department,  but  at  present  is  not  available  to  students. 

A student  who  has  satisfactorily  completed  the  second 
year’s  work  in  biology  and  who  has  elected  animal  physiology 
as  his  more  special  study,  is  prepared  to  enter  upon  the 
professional  medical  study  of  applied  physiology,  or  of  morbid 
histology,  or  of  pathology,  should  he  enter  a medical  school. 

The  postgraduate  courses,  those  of  the  third,  fourth,  and 
fifth  years,  cannot  well  be  described  in  precise  terms,  as  they 
vary  greatly  with  the  aims  of  various  students ; some  desire 
to  become  teachers,  others  to  devote  their  lives  to  biological 
research ; still  others  to  prepare  themselves  for  technical 
studies.  In  general  it  may  be  said  that  during  the  first  of 
these  years  the  student  is  required  to  read  more  advanced 
text-books  than  he  studied  in  his  undergraduate  course  ; to 
repeat  some  good  research  and  endeavor  to  improve  it ; to 
take  part  in  journal  club  readings,  from  current  biological 
journals,  which  tend  to  teach  him  that  all  science  is  not  con- 
tained in  text-books,  and  that  the  experiments  and  conclu- 
sions of  every  worker  are  open  to  improvement  and  revision. 
Advanced  lectures,  which  vary  in  topic  from  year  to  year,  are 
also  given  by  the  instructors  ; and  some  classical  biological 
treatises,  morphological  and  physiological,  are  read  every 
session ; each  competent  student  taking  his  turn,  week  by 
week. 

From  this  time  on,  the  student’s  work  becomes  still  more 
specialized:  he  is  given  a suggestion  for  some  original 
research  and  left  to  carry  it  out  with  less  or  more  supervision 
and  direction  according  to  his  capacity.  His  third  year  is 
usually  mainly  given  up  to  conducting  a research  for  his 
graduation  thesis,  to  revising  his  previous  studies,  and  to 
additional  reading  suggested  by  his  chief  instructor. 

The  laboratory  receives  properly  qualified  graduate  students 


BIOLOGY. 


49 


who  desire  to  engage  in  advanced  work  or  research,  although 
they  may  not  be  candidates  for  the  degree  of  doctor,  or  may 
have  already  attained  it.  To  such  students  it  affords  rather 
unusual  facilities  for  study  in  animal  physiology  and  in 
comparative  embryology. 

Special  students,  not  graduates  or  candidates  for  a degree, 
are  received  on  conditions  stated  in  the  Register. 

There  is  issued  from  the  laboratory  an  illustrated  journal, 
the  “ Studies  from  the  Biological  Laboratory,’ ’ in  which  are 
published  many  of  the  researches  completed  by  members  of 
the  biological  department.  A ready  means  of  publication 
for  any  good  work  is  thus  secured.  Three  volumes  each  of 
about  500  pages,  and  containing  from  twenty  to  thirty 
plates,  have  been  completed,  and  the  fourth  volume  is  now  in 
progress. 

PSYCHOLOGY  AND  PEDAGOGIGS ; LOGIC  AND 
ETHICS. 

Higher  instruction  in  the  philosophical  department  is 
given  by  means  of  lectures,  recitations,  seminary,  conference, 
laboratory  work,  and  excursions. 

The  lectures  of  Professor  Hall,*  who  is  at  the  head  of  this 
group  of  studies,  consist  of  three  courses,  each  extending 
over  three  years. 

In  Psychology , the  first  year’s  work  is  devoted  to  the 
general  properties  of  the  nervous  substance,  psycho-physics 
of  the  special  senses,  their  defects,  and  the  theory  of  knowl- 
edge, and  coincides  largely  with  the  field  covered  by  Ladd’s 
Psychology.  Thorough  preparation  in  this  part  of  the  course 
is  of  fundamental  importance  for  the  modern  psychologist, 
and  unless  it  is  well  done  his  future  work  is  on  an  insecure 
basis. 

* Resigned  after  the  preparation  of  these  pages. 


50 


PSYCHOLOGY  AND  PEDAGOGICS. 


The  work  of  the  second  year  includes  perception  of  time 
and  space,  the  time-sense,  psycho-physic  law,  mental  images 
(morbid  and  normal)  and  their  associations,  and  the  leading 
topics  in  morbid  psychology. 

The  topics  of  the  third  year  include  reflex  action,  instinct, 
psycho-genesis,  the  psychology  of  problems  of  language, 
myth,  custom  and  belief,  anthropologically  considered, 
hypnotism,  and  the  psychological  side  of  systems  of  philosophy 
and  ethnic  religions.  This  work  is  supplemented  by  direc- 
tions for  special  reading  on  each  topic,  illustrative  apparatus, 
and  by  psychological  clinics  at  the  neighboring  asylum  on 
aphasia,  illusions  and  hallucinations,  epilepsy,  mania,  hys- 
teria, etc. 

Dr.  Donaldson  gives  two  courses — one  on  the  histology  of 
the  senses,  the  other  on  that  of  the  central  nervous  system. 
These  courses  and  those  of  Dr.  Hall  coincide  and  supplement 
each  other. 

Both  courses  include  laboratory  work  for  practice,  in 
addition  to  the  opportunities  for  special  original  research 
offered  in  the  experimental  and  histological  fields. 

In  connection  with  these  courses  an  evening  seminary  is 
held  weekly  through  the  year. 

A quarterly  journal — The  American  Journal  of  Psychology 
— is  published  under  the  editorial  care  of  Professor  Hall. 

History  of  Philosophy . — The  lectures  in  historical  and 
ethical  psychology  also  extend  over  three  years.  The  first 
year  is  devoted  to  the  Greek  philosophy  ; the  second  ends 
with  Hegel ; and  the  third  is  devoted  to  contemporary 
writers.  The  work  is  not  confined  to  the  field  commonly 
called  the  history  of  philosophy,  but  attention  is  given  to 
material  from  the  history  of  science,  of  medicine,  and  of 
education.  Mainly,  however,  the  course,  except  in  the  last 
part  of  the  third  year,  coincides  with  the  standard  text-books 


PSYCHOLOGY  AND  PEDAGOGICS. 


51 


in  the  history  of  philosophy.  The  material  is  treated  objec- 
tively and  from  a psychological  standpoint.  A weekly  semi- 
nary is  held  in  connection  with  this  course. 

Education . — The  educational  lectures  of  the  first  year 
are  historical.  Those  of  the  second  year  are  devoted  to  the 
problems  of  primary  and  intermediate,  and  those  of  the  third 
to  special  chapters  in  the  field  of  higher  education . Among  the 
topics  of  the  present  third  year  are,  e.  g .,  general  vs.  special 
education  ; chairs  of  pedagogy  in  this  country  and  Europe  ; 
educational  endowments ; school  legislation ; the  relation 
between  science  and  the  state  ; the  organization  and  opera- 
tion of  learned  societies  and  scientific  and  other  academies  ; 
the  constitution  and  methods  and  history  of  European  univer- 
versities  from  the  Renaissance ; the  educational  value  of  philo- 
sophical systems ; professional  schools  of  law,  medicine, 
theology,  technological  and  industrial  schools  ; the  French, 
English,  German,  and  American  school  and  college  systems 
in  their  method  and  idea ; the  development  and  nature  of 
student  life  ; history  and  theory  of  examinations  and  degrees  ; 
and  academic  festivals  and  traditions.  A guide-book  to  the 
literature  of  the  chief  topics  of  this  course  was  published  in 
1886,  entitled  Bibliography  of  Education. 

This  course  is  supplemented  by  a series  of  excursions  to 
institutions  of  pedagogical  interest  conducted  by  Professor 
Hall. 

This  course  does  not  lead  to  a degree.  Those  who  desire 
to  study  education  professionally  are  advised  to  give  their 
energy  to  psychology  which  is  its  chief  scientific  basis,  peda- 
gogy being  a field  of  applied  psychology. 

Some  of  the  special  topics  in  which  the  above  work  natur- 
ally falls  are  attended  as  special  courses  by  students  of  other 
departments,  thus,  e.  g .,  students  of  Greek  may  attend  the 
lectures  in  Greek  philosophy ; of  morphology,  the  lectures  on 


52 


PSYCHOLOGY  AND  PEDAGOGICS. 


instinct ; of  astronomy,  the  lectures  on  reaction-time  and  the 
personal  equation  ; of  history,  the  lectures  in  the  history  of 
philosophy,  and  especially  the  courses  on  Roman  and  English 
law  by  Mr.  Emmott,  which  are  also  closely  related  to  the 
work  in  ethics.  Students  of  biology  or  pathology  may  follow 
the  histological  courses  of  Dr.  Donaldson,  and  the  lectures 
on  morbid  psychology  by  Professor  Hall.  There  are  also 
courses  in  other  departments  which  supplement  the  work  in 
this.  Those  especially  recommended  are  the  following  : Pro- 
fessor Gilder  sleeve’s  seminary  work  in  Plato  for  students  of 
the  history  of  philosophy;  Professor  Martin’s  course  in 
animal  physiology,  especially  that  part  on  the  senses  and 
nerve  centres,  for  students  of  psycho-physics;  Professor 
Story’s  algebraical  logic ; Dr.  Ely’s  classes  in  political 
economy. 

Courses  of  lectures  by  students  are  from  time  to  time 
arranged,  and  a reading  club  is  conducted,  where  individual 
reading  is  reported  for  mutual  benefit. 

In  the  undergraduate  course  in  Psychology,  etc.,  by  Pro- 
fessor Hall,  the  work  is  essentially  practical.  Lessons  of 
mental  and  moral  hygiene  are  mainly  inculcated. 

Logic  and  Ethics . — The  undergraduate  courses  in  Logic, 
Ethics,  and  Psychology  provide  five  hours  per  week  of 
required  work  for  one  year.  The  courses  in  Logic  and  Ethics 
are  given  by  Associate  Professor  Emmott.  In  Logic,  partic- 
ular attention  is  given  to  the  general  theories  of  both  deduc- 
tion and  induction,  to  the  various  forms  of  thought,  notion, 
judgment,  and  reasoning,  and  to  the  various  methods  of 
scientific  investigation  and  proof,  as  well  as  to  the  applica- 
tion of  the  rules  of  the  syllogism,  and  the  detection  of  the 
various  kinds  of  fallacies. 

The  text-books  used  are  Jevons’s  Elementary  Lessons  in  Logic, 
and  Fowler’s  Elements  of  Inductive  Logic,  and  references  are 


LOGIC  AND  ETHICS. 


53 


given  to  the  larger  works  of  Jevons  and  to  the  works  of  Mill, 
Bain,  Venn,  and  other  recent  writers.  The  work  consists  of 
frequent  recitations  and  of  short  informal  lectures,  and  numer- 
ous written  exercises  are  given  out  from  time  to  time  in  the 
opposition  and  conversion  of  propositions,  in  indication  and 
counter-indication,  in  the  application  of  the  rules  of  the  syllo- 
gism, in  the  detection  of  fallacies,  and  in  the  elimination  of  con- 
tradictions from  thought. 

In  the  class  on  Ethics  the  fundamental  problems  of  moral 
philosophy,  and  their  application  to  the  guidance  of  conduct 
and  to  the  formation  of  a manly  character,  are  considered 
with  special  reference  to  the  Christian  theory  of  morals. 

The  text-book  used  is  Janet’s  Elements  of  Morals,  and  refer- 
ences are  given  to  numerous  works,  including  Martineau’s  Types 
of  Ethical  Theory,  Martensen’s  Christian  Ethics,  Maurice’s  Social 
Morality,  and  Janet's  Theory  of  Morals.  The  work  consists  of 
frequent  recitations,  of  informal  lectures,  and  of  numerous  dis- 
cussions, and  two  essays  on  assigned  topics  are  required  from 
each  member  of  the  class.  The  aim  throughout  is  to  make  the 
instruction  of  a directly  practical  nature,  and  to  show  the  bearing 
of  the  problems  discussed  upon  the  field  of  practical  ethics.  The 
topics  treated  of  include  the  following:  Analysis  of  the  funda- 
mental notions— good  and  bad,  right  and  wrong,  duty  and  obliga- 
tion, conscience,  liberty  and  moral  responsibility,  virtue  and 
vice,  merit  and  demerit,  etc.  The  object  of  morality : theoretical 
and  practical  morality.  Division  of  duties  according  to  the 
various  relations  of  man.  The  general  principles  of  social 
morality.  Division  of  the  duties  of  justice.  Duties  of  charity 
and  self-sacrifice.  Duties  towards  the  state.  Duties  of  profes- 
sional life.  The  general  principles  of  the  moral  law  applied  to 
nations  in  their  dealings  with  each  other.  The  duties  of  the 
married  state.  The  duty  of  self-preservation.  The  necessity  and 
proper  use  of  external  goods.  Duties  relative  to  the  proper  exer- 
cise of  the  intellectual  virtues.  Duties  relative  to  the  will. 
Courage.  The  general  principles  of  religious  morality.  Religious 
rights  and  duties.  Connection  between  morality  and  religion. 


54 


PATHOLOGY. 


PATHOLOGY. 

The  Pathological  Institute  was  opened  in  October,  1886, 
under  the  direction  of  Professor  Welch.  By  permission  of 
the  Trustees  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital  the  use  of  the 
pathological  building  of  the  Hospital  was  granted  to  the 
University.  The  structure  is  of  two  stories,  well  lighted  and 
arranged,  and  includes  ten  rooms,  in  addition  to  the  autopsy 
theatre. 

Certain  rooms  are  devoted  to  work  in  pathological  histology 
and  to  pathological  demonstrations,  others  to  bacteriological 
work,  and  others  to  experimental  pathology.  Rooms  are 
also  equipped  for  microscopical  photography.  The  museum 
already  contains  a valuable  collection  of  morbid  specimens. 
The  instruction  in  Pathology  is  under  the  direction  of  Ur. 
W.  H.  Welch,  Professor  of  Pathology,  assisted  by  Ur.  W. 
T.  Councilman,  Associate  Professor  of  Anatomy,  Ur.  B. 
Meade  Bolton,  Assistant  in  Bacteriology,  and  Ur.  F.  P. 
Mall,  Fellow  in  Pathology.  Facilities  are  afforded  for 
study  in  all  departments  of  pathology,  including  bacteriology. 

The  course  in  Pathological  Histology  presupposes  on  the 
part  of  the  student  a knowledge  of  normal  histology.  This 
course,  which  continues  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the 
year,  embraces  the  study  of  subjects  in  general  pathology 
and  of  the  special  pathological  histology  of  all  the  organs 
and  tissues  of  the  body.  For  these  purposes  an  ample 
material  has  been  collected.  Each  student  is  expected  to 
become  familiar  both  with  the  technique  of  pathological 
histology  and  with  the  interpretation  of  the  various  morbid 
changes  in  the  different  organs  and  tissues.  He  is  encour- 
aged to  supplement  the  regular  class  work  by  independent 
and  farther  study  of  subjects  in  pathological  histology, 
and  thus  prepare  himself  to  form  correct  judgments  of  the 


PATHOLOGY. 


55 


various  pathological  changes.  Demonstrations  of  fresh 
pathological  specimens  are  made  at  least  once  a week  in  con- 
nection with  the  course  in  pathological  histology.  Sufficient 
material  for  these  demonstrations  is  obtained  from  the  Bay 
View  Asylum  and  other  sources  in  the  city.  Especial  impor- 
tance is  attached  to  the  microscopical  study  of  the  fresh 
specimens  chiefly  by  the  aid  of  frozen  sections,  as  the 
student  is  thus  enabled  to  compare  the  gross  and  the  micro- 
scopical appearances,  and  to  observe  such  microscopical 
alterations  as  are  more  evident  in  fresh  than  in  hardened 
specimens. 

Opportunity  is  afforded  to  become  familiar  with  the  method 
of  making  post-mortem  examinations.  A number  of  these 
examinations  are  performed  weekly  by  Dr.  Councilman. 

On  account  of  the  increasing  importance  of  the  subject, 
special  attention  is  given  to  the  collection  and  study  of 
material  in  Comparative  Pathology. 

The  Pathological  Institute  is  equipped  with  apparatus  for 
studies  in  Experimental  Pathology.  In  this,  as  well  as  in 
other  departments  of  pathology  and  in  bacteriology,  the 
resources  of  the  institute  are  open  to  those  who  are  prepared 
to  engage  in  special  investigations. 

Instruction  in  Bacteriology  is  given  by  Professor  Welch, 
with  the  co-operation  of  Dr.  Bolton.  The  bacteriological 
laboratory  is  supplied  with  all  the  apparatus  required  by  the 
modern  methods  of  investigation  in  this  important  depart- 
ment. There  is  a large  collection  of  cultures  of  the  most 
important  and  interesting  micro-organisms  belonging  to  this 
branch  of  study.  In  the  bacteriological  course,  students  are 
instructed  in  the  modern  methods  of  cultivating  bacteria, 
and  are  taught  to  study  the  morphological  and  biological 
characters  of  the  bacteria  and  fungi,  particularly  of  those 


56 


DRAWING. 


relating  to  disease.  The  methods  of  making  biological  exam- 
inations of  air,  water,  etc.,  are  taught. 

It  is  earnestly  recommended  to  those  who  expect  to  make 
a special  study  of  pathology  or  bacteriology,  to  acquire  a 
reading  knowledge  of  French  and  German.  Preliminary 
training  in  physics,  chemistry,  and  biology  forms  the  best 
preparation  for  the  successful  pursuit  of  pathology  as  well  as 
of  medicine  in  general. 


DRAWING. 

The  instruction  in  drawing  is  so  arranged  as  to  give  a 
student  a general  knowledge  of  the  art,  so  far  as  the  time 
at  his  command  will  permit,  while  those  who  have  special 
aptitude  are  encouraged  to  follow  more  advanced  courses. 
Undergraduates  take  up  drawing  as  one  of  their  required 
studies,  unless  they  can  show  to  the  authorities  that  they 
have  already  attained  a fair  proficiency  in  this  art.  Grad- 
uate students  are  allowed  the  privilege  of  receiving  lessons. 
Those  who  look  forward  to  scientific  pursuits,  especially  those 
who  study  natural  history  on  the  one  hand,  and  physics  and 
other  branches  of  applied  mathematics  on  the  other  hand , 
find  these  courses  of  great  value. 

Instruction  is  given  in  free-hand,  and  in  mechanical  or 
instrumental  drawing. 

In  free-hand  drawing  the  student  is  at  once  put  to  draw 
from  models.  Beginning  with  the  most  simple  forms,  he 
proceeds  through  a series  of  studies  till  he  is  able  to  produce 
a fair  drawing  of  any  simple  object  or  objects,  in  outlines 
and  in  light  and  shade.  No  copying  is  engaged  in.  The 
chief  instrument  used  is  the  lead  pencil,  and  afterwards  pen 
and  ink,  charcoal  or  crayon.  No  careless  work  is  permitted, 
and  the  work  is  to  be  executed  with  precision  and  truthful- 
ness. Thus,  from  the  beginning,  by  personal  attention  to 


PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 


57 


each  student,  care  and  exactness  are  inculcated  in  rendering 
the  appearance  of  objects,  the  aim  being  to  teach  the  student 
to  draw  what  is  placed  before  him.  After  this  general  course 
has  been  completed,  instructions  are  given  in  drawing  from 
natural  forms  of  all  kinds,  and  in  sketching  from  nature,  in 
pencil,  pen  and  ink,  and  water  colors. 

By  this  system,  in  one  or  two  years,  with  a fair  amount  of 
diligence,  the  student  is  able  to  draw  and  color  any  subject 
which  may  be  presented  to  him,  and  to  illustrate  on  the 
blackboard,  if  engaged  in  teaching. 

While  the  work  of  free-hand  drawing  is  being  carried  on, 
instrumental  or  mechanical  drawing  is  also  attended  to. 
Instruction  is  given  weekly  to  classes,  by  lectures,  illustrated 
by  drawings  on  the  blackboard.  In  this  way  the  elements 
of  perspective,  isometrical,  and  topographical  drawing  are 
taught,  and  also  plans,  elevations,  sections,  and  developments, 
and  mechanical  drawings  from  models,  intersections  of  solids, 
and  projection  of  shadows. 

The  students  are  required  to  work  from  written  data,  after 
the  principles  involved  in  each  lesson  have  been  explained 
at  the  blackboard,  and  to  make  a finished  drawing  in  ink. 

Occasional  examinations  are  given  to  test  the  proficiency 
attained  by  the  students  in  their  studies. 

PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 

The  Gymnasium  consists  of  a main  hall,  the  director’s 
office,  and  a series  of  dressing  rooms  which  are  furnished 
with  lockers,  and  the  usual  appliances  for  bathing.  Adja- 
cent to  it  are  studies  and  conversation  rooms  for  the  use  of 
students  ; a room  in  which  luncheon  is  served  daily  ; and  a 
yard  which  is  available  during  most  of  the  year  for  the  pur- 
pose of  tennis-play,  and  baseball  and  lacrosse  practice.  The 
gymnasium,  which  is  intended  for  the  use  of  all  the  students 


58 


PHYSICAL  TRAINING. 


in  the  university,  is  placed  under  the  charge  of  a director, 
Dr.  Hartwell,  who  is  a graduate  of  the  biological  department 
of  this  university  and  also  a graduate  in  medicine.  The 
main  hall  is  furnished  with  a representative  set  of  the  Sar- 
gent developing  machines,  as  well  as  with  ordinary  gym- 
nastic appliances  of  the  most  approved  pattern.  All  students 
are  encouraged  to  consult  the  director  touching  questions  of 
regimen  and  exercise.  The  Clifton  playground,  used  by  the 
students  for  athletic  sports,  is  also  under  his  supervision. 
All  undergraduates  are  required  to  report  to  him,  from  time 
to  time,  for  physical  examination  and  for  advice.  Class 
instruction  in  Swedish  free  movements  and  in  heavy  gym- 
nastics is  given  thrice  weekly,  during  most  of  the  year, 
by  Mr.  Nissen,  Instructor  in  Gymnastics,  who  is  practically 
familiar  with  the  Swedish  and  German  systems  of  practice 
and  instruction.  Undergraduates  are  required  at  the  begin- 
ning of  their  course  to  attend  lectures  on  selected  health 
topics,  which  are  given  weekly  by  Dr.  Hartwell  during  the 
first  half  of  the  academic  year. 

By  combining  the  use  of  the  Sargent  machines,  under 
scientific  direction,  for  the  purposes  of  promoting  healthful 
and  symmetrical  development,  with  class  instruction  in 
Swedish  and  German  gymnastics,  whose  ends  are  more  dis- 
tinctly educational,  efforts  are  making  to  establish  a syste- 
matic, graded,  progressive  course  of  physical  training  to  meet 
the  wants  of  graduates  and  undergraduates  alike.  The  best 
European  experience  shows  that  systematic  physical  train- 
ing is  of  the  utmost  use,  not  only  in  promoting  the  health  of 
students  but  also  in  developing  brain  power  and  intelligent 
self-control. 


LIBRARIES. 


59 


LIBRARIES. 


1.  The  University  Library  numbers  over  35,000  bound 
volumes  selected  with  special  reference  to  the  instruction 
here  given.  It  is  arranged  in  several  departments,  of  which 
these  are  the  chief  : 


General  reference. 
Historical  (including  the 
Bluntschli  collection). 
Mathematical  and  Physical. 
Chemical. 


Biological. 

Classical. 

Shemitic  and  Sanskrit. 
Romance  Languages. 
Teutonic  Languages. 


The  general  reference  and  reading  room  is  open  daily 
from  9 a.  m.  to  10  p.  m. ; the  other  rooms  in  accordance 
with  special  regulations. 

The  Library  receives  the  publications  of  all  the  leading 
scientific  societies  of  the  world  and  the  chief  literary  and 
scientific  periodicals.  The  whole  number  of  serials  received 
exceeds  one  thousand.  This  list  is  supplemented  by  those 
of  the  Peabody  Institute  and  other  institutions  of  the  city, 
so  that  the  whole  number  of  journals  accessible  to  students 
(exclusive  of  ephemeral  publications)  exceeds  twelve  hun- 
dred. Important  books,  English,  German,  and  French,  are 
received  by  the  Library  as  soon  as  published,  by  purchase  or 
by  the  courtesy  of  dealers. 


2.  The  Library  of  the  Peabody  Institute  is  a choice 
collection  of  books  purchased  since  1866.  It  is  particularly 
full  in  academic  transactions,  long  historical  series,  and 
costly  illustrated  books.  It  numbers  90,000  volumes,  well 
bound,  catalogued,  and  arranged.  It  is  open  daily  without 
charge  from  9 a.  m.  to  9 p.  m. 


3.  The  Maryland  Historical  Society  Library  contains 
23,000  volumes  of  historical  works,  and  is  open  daily. 


60 


LIBRARIES. 


Other  libraries  of  Baltimore  are  the  New  Mercantile 
Library  (40,000  volumes),  the  Bar  Library  (11,000  volumes), 
the  Medical  and  Chirurgical  Library  (6,000  volumes),  the 
Pratt  Free  Public  Library  (60,000  volumes),  the  Maryland 
Episcopal  Library  (10,000  volumes),  and  the  Library  of  the 
Maryland  Institute  (20,000  volumes). 

Washington  is  so  near  that  its  museums  and  libraries  may 
be  easily  visited.  Among  the  chief  institutions  of  interest 
to  students  are  these  : 

The  Smithsonian  Institution  and  National  Museum. 

The  Library  of  Congress. 

The  Army  Medical  and  Surgical  Museum  and  Library. 

The  U.  S.  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey. 

The  U.  S.  Geological  Survey. 

The  U.  S.  Naval  Observatory. 

The  U.  S.  Signal  Service. 

The  U.  S.  Agricultural  Bureau. 

The  U.  S.  Census  Office. 

The  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Education. 

The  Libraries  of  the  Departments. 

The  Corcoran  Art  Gallery. 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 

FELLOWS  BY  COURTESY. 

William  M.  Arnolt,  B.  D.,  New  Brunswick  (N.  J.)  Theological 
Seminary ; former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Philip  S.  Baker,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  Indiana  Asbury  University; 
M.  D.,  Indiana  Medical  College ; Professor  of  Chemistry  in  De 
Pauw  University. 

Louis  Bell,  A.  B.,  Dartmouth  College ; former  Fellow,  Johns  Hop- 
kins University. 

Richard  G.  Boone,  Professor  of  Pedagogics,  Indiana  University. 

William  H.  Burnham,  A.  B.,  Harvard  University  ; former  Fellow, 
Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Benjamin  C.  Burt,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Michigan;  As- 
sistant Professor  of  English,  etc.,  in  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan; former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

John  P.  Campbell,  A. B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University;  former 
Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Henry  Clarke,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  London;  former 
Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Herbert  C.  Elmer,  A. B.,  Cornell  University;  Ph.D.  and  former 
Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

John  C.  Fields,  A. B.,  University  of  Toronto;  Ph. D.  and  former 
Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Robert  O.  Graham,  A.B.  and  A.M.,  Amherst  College;  late  Pro- 
fessor in  Westminster  College,  Pa. 

Rufus  L.  Green,  S. B.,  Indiana  University;  Associate  Professor 
of  Mathematics,  Indiana  University. 

Milton  Haight,  A.  B.,  University  of  Toronto ; former  Fellow, 
Johns  Hopkins  University. 

John  L.  Hall,  Randolph  Macon  College;  former  Fellow,  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

James  H.  Hyslop,  A.B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  Wooster;  Ph.D. 
and  former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Joseph  Jastrow,  A.B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Pennsylvania; 
Ph.  D.  and  former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 


62 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 


George  T.  Kemp,  A.  B.,  and  Ph.D.,  and  former  Fellow,  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

William  A.  Lamberton,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania; late  Professor  of  Greek  in  Lehigh  University. 

Yuzero  Motora,  Japan;  former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  Univer- 
sity. 

Julius  Nelson,  S. B.  and  M. S.,  University  of  Wisconsin;  former 
Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Orray  T.  Sherman,  A.B.,  Yale  College;  late  Assistant  in  the  As- 
tronomical Observatory  of  Yale  University. 

Edward  P.  Smith,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Amherst  College ; Professor  in 
the  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute. 

George  M.  Sternberg,  M.D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
(N.  Y.) ; Surgeon,  U.  S.  Army. 

William  C.  Thayer,  A.  B.,  Columbia  College,  and  A.  M.,  Williams 
College ; late  Professor  in  Hobart  College. 

Henry  D.  Todd,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy;  Professor  on  duty  at  the 
Nautical  Almanac  Office. 

John  ft.  Wightman,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  Toronto; 
former  Fellow,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Charles  E.  Wright,  University  of  Berlin;  State  Geologist  of  Mich- 


FELLOWS. 

Edgar  P.  Allen,  A.  B.,  Emory  College. 

Joseph  S.  Ames,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Philip  W.  Ayres,  Ph.  B„  Cornell  University. 

William  S.  Eichelberger,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Henry  R.  Fairclough,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  Toronto; 
now  Lecturer  in  Greek  in  the  University  of  Toronto.  (Re- 
signed.) 

William  C.  L.  Gorton,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

William  H.  Hobbs,  S.  B.,  Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute. 
Joseph  H.  Kastle,  S.  B.  and  M.  S.,  Kentucky  State  College. 

Felix  Lengfeld,  California  College  of  Pharmacy. 

Archibald  MacMechan,  A.  B.,  University  of  Toronto. 

Herbert  W.  Magoun,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Iowa  College. 

Franklin  P.  Mall,  M.  D.,  University  of  Michigan. 

Thomas  McCabe,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

John  L.  Moore,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Princeton  College. 

Augustus  T.  Murray,  A.  B.,  Haverford  College. 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 


63 


George  T.  W.  Patrick,  A.  B.,  Iowa  University,  and  B.  D.,  Yale 
University ; now  Professor  of  Philosophy  and  Didactics,  Iowa 
State  University.  (Resigned.) 

Edmund  C.  Sanford,  A.  B.,  University  of  California. 

Charles  L.  Smith,  S.  B.,  Wake  Forest  College. 

Arthur  C.  Wightman,  A.  B.,  Wofford  College. 

Henry  Y.  P.  Wilson,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

(20) 

UNIVERSITY  SCHOLARS. 

Charles  McL.  Andrews,  A.  B.,  Trinity  College  (Conn.). 

Edward  C.  Applegarth,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Richard  H.  Bayard,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

William  M.  Burton,  A.  B.,  Adelbert  College. 

Morgan  Callaway,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  and  A.  M.,  Emory  College. 

Charles  E.  Coates,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Paul  J.  Dashiell,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Alfred  R.  L.  Dohme,  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

George  P.  Dreyer,  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Edwin  W.  Fay,  A.M.,  Southwestern  Presbyterian  University. 
Julius  Friedenwald,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Adam  C.  Gill,  A.B.,  Amherst  College. 

Jay  C.  Guggenheimer,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Franz  O.  K.  Hoffmann,  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Thomas  Logie,  A.  B.,  University  of  Toronto. 

Robert  M.  McLane,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Daniel  A.  Murray,  A.B.,  Dalhousie  College. 

John  M.  Pierce,  A.  B.,  Washington  University. 

John  Charles  Robertson,  A.B.,  University  of  Toronto. 

Shozaburo  Watase,  S.  B.,  Sapporo  Agricultural  College  (Japan). 

(20) 

OTHER  GRADUATE  STUDENTS. 

John  C.  Adair,  A.  B.,  Westminster  College  (Pa.). 

Alfred  Allen,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Alfred  University. 

Eugene  T.  Allen,  A.B.,  Amherst  College. 

Henry  C.  Armstrong,  Jr.,  S.B.,  Ala.  Agr.  and  Mech.  College. 
William  W.  Baden,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  and  LL.  B., 
University  of  Maryland. 

Maurice  Barnett,  S.  B.,  College  of  City  of  New  York. 

H.  F.  H.  Baughmann,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Western  Maryland  College. 


64 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 


Charles  H.  Bedell,  S.B.,  Haverford  College. 

Arthur  E.  Bibbins,  Ph.  B.,  Albion  College. 

William  Bignell,  A.  B.,  Allegheny  College. 

Samuel  A.  Binion,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

Frank  W.  Blackmar,  Ph.B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  the  Pacific. 
Charles  C.  Blackshear,  A.  B.,  Mercer  University. 

Benjamin  L.  Bowen,  A.B.,  Rochester  University. 

Jeffrey  R.  Brackett,  A.  B.,  Harvard  University. 

Charles  F.  Brede,  A.  B.,  Haverford  College. 

Charles  E.  Brewer,  A.  M.,  Wake  Forest  College. 

Alfred  H.  Bucherer,  University  of  Bonn. 

James  Buckham,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Vermont. 
Richard  E.  Burton,  A.  B.,  Trinity  College. 

Louis  G.  Carpenter,  B.S.  and  M.S.,  Michigan  Agric.  College. 
Eugene  Chaney,  A.  B.,  Dickinson  College. 

Charles  H.  Chapman,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Thomas  E.  Cheek,  L.  B.,  Wake  Forest  College  (N.  C.). 

Thomas  D.  Coleman,  A.  B.,  Kentucky  University. 

Elisha  Conover,  Jr.,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Dickinson  College. 

Frank  P.  Cox,  S.  B.,  Rose  Polytechnic  Institute. 

James  Cummings,  A.B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  Tennessee. 
John  Daniel,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  University  of  Alabama. 

R.  J.  J.  de  Roode,  Jr.,  S.  B.  and  M.  S.,  Kentucky  State  College. 
Hermann  L.  Ebeling,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

George  W.  Edmond,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Charles  L.  Edwards,  S.  B.,  Indiana  University. 

Harry  Falkenau,  B.  L.,  Cornell  University. 

Henry  T.  L.  Fernald,  S.  B.,  Maine  State  College. 

John  H.  Finley,  A.  B.,  Knox  College  (111.). 

Robert  J.  Finley,  S.  B.,  Knox  College  (111.). 

Robert  E.  Gaines,  A.  M.,  Furman  University  (S.  C.). 

Henry  B.  Gardner,  A.  B.,  Brown  University. 

Charles  J.  Goodwin,  A.B.,  Bowdoin  College. 

Charles  S.  Hartwell,  A.  B.,  Amherst  College. 

Joseph  E.  Harry,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Charles  H.  Haskins,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Eldridge  B.  Hatcher,  A.M.,  Richmond  College. 

James  T.  Hatfield,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  Northwestern  University. 
Erasmus  Haworth,  S.  B.  and  M.  S.,  Kansas  University. 

George  A.  Hench,  A.  B.,  Lafayette  College. 

George  L.  Hendrickson,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
Francis  H.  Herrick,  A.  B.,  Dartmouth  College. 


65 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 

Charles  H.  Herty,  Ph.  B.,  University  of  Georgia. 

Adolph  A.  Himowich,  S.  B.  and  M.D.,  New  York  University. 
Clifton  F.  Hodge,  A.  B.,  Ripon  College. 

Charles  C.  Holden,  University  of  Virginia. 

Frank  G.  Hubbard,  A.  B.,  Williams  College,  and  Ph.D.,  Johns 
Hopkins  University. 

James  G.  Hume,  A.  B.,  University  of  Toronto. 

Cary  T.  Hutchinson,  Ph.B.,  Washington  University. 

Toyo  K.  Iyenaga,  Ph.B.,  Oberlin  College. 

Joseph  L.  Jayne,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy. 

Louis  Katzenstein,  University  of  Berlin. 

James  T.  Lees,  A.  B.,  Adelbert  College  (O.). 

Hampden  S.  Lewis,  A.  B.,  Tulane  University. 

David  J.  Lingle,  S.B.,  University  of  Chicago. 

Alvin  F.  Linn,  A.  B.,  Wittenberg  College  (Ohio). 

Augustus  W.  Long,  A.  B.,  University  of  North  Carolina. 

Hiram  B.  Loomis,  A.  B.,  Trinity  College  (Conn.). 

James  Mahoney,  A.  B.,  Amherst  College. 

Henry  F.  Marx,  A.  B.,  Lafayette  College. 

John  E.  Matzke,  A.  B.,  Hope  College  (Mich.). 

John  H.  T.  McPherson,  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Colyer  Meriwether,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Wilmot  V.  Metcalf,  A.  B.,  Oberlin  College. 

George  F.  Metzler,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  Albert  College  (Ont.). 

John  I.  Middleton,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Princeton  College. 

Kelly  Miller,  A.  B.,  Howard  University  (D.  C.). 

Frank  E.  Millis,  A.  B.,  De  Pauw  University. 

William  M.  Milroy,  A.  B.,  Geneva  College ; B.  D.,  Yale  University ; 

A.  M.,  Westminster  College. 

Thomas  H.  Morgan,  S.  B.,  Kentucky  State  College. 

Charles  W.  Moulton,  A.  B.,  University  of  Minnesota. 

Barker  Newhall,  A.  B.,  Haverford  College. 

Chalmers  C.  Norwood,  A.  B.,  Davidson  College. 

Claire  A.  Orr,  A.  B.,  University  of  Michigan. 

Robert  M.  Parks,  Jr.,  A.  B.,  Indiana  University. 

Mansfield  T.  Peed,  A.M.,  Randolph  Macon  College. 

Samuel  L.  Powell,  A.B.,  Pennsylvania  College. 

Wyatt  W.  Randall,  A.  B.,  St.  John’s  College. 

Thomas  G.  Rector,  M.  S,,  West  Virginia  University. 

William  D.  Reynolds,  Jr.,  A.  B.  and  B.  L.,  Hampden-Sidney  Col- 
lege. 

Jacob  M.  Rich,  E.  M.  and  C.  E.,  Columbia  College. 

George  M.  Richardson,  A.C.,  Lehigh  University. 


66 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 

John  T.  Roberts,  A.B.,  Davidson  College. 

John  Cunningham  Robertson,  A.  M.,  University  of  Virginia. 
Henry  S.  Scribner,  A.  B.  and  A.M.,  Princeton  College. 

Joseph  S.  Shefloe,  A.  B.,  Norwegian  Luther  College. 

James  H.  Smith,  A.  B.,  Oberlin  College. 

Kirby  W.  Smith,  A.  B.,  University  of  Vermont. 

Aristogeiton  M.  Soho,  Syra  (Greece)  Gymnasium. 

Miles  W.  Sterling,  A.  B.,  University  of  Kansas. 

Edward  L.  Stevenson,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Franklin  College  (Ind.). 
Walter  P.  Stradley,  A.  M.,  Wake  Forest  College. 

Jacob  A.  Strite,  A.B.,  Dickinson  College. 

Henry  Taber,  Ph.B.,  Yale  University. 

Samuel  F.  Tower,  A.  B.,  Dartmouth  College. 

William  P.  Trent,  A.M.,  University  of  Virginia. 

James  S.  Trueman,  A.B.,  Dalhousie  College. 

George  M.  Turner,  S.  B.,  Amherst  College. 

Lemon  L.  Uhl,  A.B.  and  A.  M.,  Wittenberg  College  (Ohio). 
Edward  P.  Van  Kirk,  B.  M.,  Lehigh  University. 

John  M.  Vincent,  A.B.,  Oberlin  College. 

Julian  L White,  Ph.  B.,  Columbia  College. 

Richard  J.  White,  A.B.,  Haverford  College. 

John  E.  Wiatt,  A.  B.  and  A.  M.,  Richmond  College. 

Henry  H.  Wiegand,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Gilbert  Wilkes,  U.  S.  Naval  Academy. 

Julius  T.  Willard,  S.  B.  and  M.  S.,  Kansas  State  Agric.  College. 
Lucius  E.  Williams,  A.B.,  Mercer  University. 

William  K.  Williams,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 
Augustus  Wood,  A.  B.,  Brown  University. 

Thomas  K.  Worthington,  A.  B.,  Haverford  College. 

(118) 

ATTENDANTS  ON  SINGLE  COURSES. 

Chesapeake  Zoological  Laboratory. 

Professor  W.  K.  Brooks,  Ph.  D.,  Director. 

(Tenth  Session,  at  Nassau,  March-August,  1887.) 

Julius  Nelson,  S.  B.,  University  of  Wisconsin,  late  Fellow. 

H.  V.  Wilson,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Fellow. 

H.  T.  L.  Fernald,  S.B.,  Maine  State  College. 

F.  H.  Herrick,  A.  B.,  Dartmouth  College. 

A.  H.  Jennings. 

Professor  J.  P.  McMurrich,  A.B.  and  A.M.,  University  of  To- 
ronto; Ph.  D.,  Johns  Hopkins  University ; Professor  in  Hav- 
erford College. 


67 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 

Dr.  C.  S.  Dolley,  M.D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania;  Professor 
in  Swarthmore  College ; with  four  students,  namely : M.  J. 
Greenman,  A.  L.  Lamb  (J.  H.  U.),  E.  P.  Marshall.  Jr.,  and  C. 
E.  Nassau. 

Pathology . 

Frank  C.  Ard,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

William  D.  Booker,  M.D.,  University  of  Virginia. 

Henry  T.  Brooks,  M.  D.,  Albany  Medical  College. 

John  W.  Chambers,  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
(Baltimore). 

Daniel  M.  Easter,  M.  D.,  University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Frank  D.  Gavin,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

William  S.Halsted,  A.  B.,  Yale  University;  M.  D.,  College  of  Phy- 
sicians and  Surgeons  (N.  Y.). 

John  U.  Hobach,  A.B.,  Franklin  and  Marshall  College;  M.D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Caspar  O.  Miller,  M.  D.,  University  of  Virginia. 

Robert  L.  Randolph,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

Fremont  L.  Russell,  B. S.,  Maine  State  College;  V.  S„  New  York 
College  of  Veterinary  Surgeons. 

Frederick  S.  Thomas,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland  and  Bellevue 
Hospital  Medical  College. 

Physiology. 

James  G.  Wiltshire,  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

Histology. 

Nathaniel  T.  Carswell,  M.  D.,  College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons 
(Baltimore). 

Archer  C.  Harrison,  M.D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

Psycho-Physios. 

John  C.  Hemmeter,  M.  D.,  University  of  Maryland. 

George  J.  Preston,  A.  B.,  Washington  and  Lee  University ; M.  D., 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 

Hebrew  and  other  Sliemitic  Languages. 

Rev.  Howard  F.  Downs. 

Rev.  Ashby  J.  Fristce,  Richmond  College. 

Rev.  Charles  F.  W.  Lamm. 

Rev.  Whitford  L.  McDowell. 

Rev.  Charles  A.  Schloegel. 

Rev.  Edward  L.  Watson. 


68 


GRADUATE  STUDENTS,  1887-88. 

History  of  Philosophy. 

Rev.  Chauncey  B.  Brewster,  A.  M.,  Yale  University. 

Rev.  Augustus  Davisson,  Vanderbilt  University. 

Rev.  John  N.  McCormick,  A.  B.,  Randolph  Macon  College. 

Rev.  Daniel  T.  Phillips,  Haverfordwest  College  (Wales). 

Rev.  Ed.  M.  Poteat,  A.  B.,  Wake  Forest  College. 

Rev.  William  F.  Slocum,  A.B.,  Amherst  College. 

Rev.  Hohart  H.  Smith. 

Richard  H.  Woodward,  Virginia  Military  Institute. 

Pedagogics. 

Toshihide  Shinoda,  Tokio  Normal  School. 

History. 

James  D.  Murray,  Jr.,  A.B.,  St.  Johns  College;  LL. B.,  Univer- 
sity of  Maryland. 

Theophilus  J.  Schaumloeffel,  University  of  Maryland  (Law 
School). 

Rev.  Leyburn  M.  Bennett,  A.  B.,  Western  Maryland  College. 

Political  Science. 

Charles  M.  Howard,  A . B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

William  H.  Perkins,  Jr.,  A.B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Henry  O.  Thompson,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Political  Economy. 

Clinton  L.  Riggs,  C.  E.,  Princeton  College. 

Historical  Seminary. 

Percy  M.  Hughes,  A.  B.,  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

Historical  Jurisprudence  ( English  Law). 

Edward  A.  Donnelly,  University  of  Maryland  (Law  School). 

Astronomy. 

Eudorus  C.  Kenney,  S.  B.,  Cornell  University. 


(49) 


TABULAR  STATEMENTS. 


1.  Academic  Staff,  1887-88. 


President  and  Professors, 10 

Associate  Professors, 13 

Associates, 12 

Instructors  and  Assistants, 15 

Lecturers  and  Readers, 7 


57 


2.  Enrolled  Students,  1887-88. 


Graduates  (including  Fellows), 234 

Matriculates  (including  Candidates), 127 

Special  (including  Preliminary  Medical),  ....  62 


The  above  enumeration  includes 


423 


Doctors  of  Philosophy,  . 6 

Doctors  of  Medicine,  . . 20 

Clergymen,  ....  17 

Masters  of  Arts,  ...  37 

Masters  of  Science,  . . 7 

Bachelors  of  Divinity,  . 3 


Bachelors  of  Laws,  . . 2 

Bachelors  of  Arts,  . . 132 

Bachelors  of  Science,  . 22 

Bachelors  of  Philosophy,  . 8 

Holders  of  other  Degrees, . 9 


8.  Attendance  upon  the  Various  Courses  of 
Instruction,  1887-88. 


Mathematics  and  Astronomy,  84 
Physics,  ....  85 

Chemistry,  ....  119 

Mineralogy,  Geology,  etc.,  25 
Biology,  ....  61 

Pathology,  ....  16 

Greek, 61 

Latin, 74 


Shemitic  Languages,  . 18 

Sanskrit  and  Comp.  Philol . 40 

German,  ....  130 

English  and  Anglo-Saxon,  84 
Romance  Languages,  . 72 

History  and  Polit.  Science,  139 
Psychology  and  Pedagogics,  81 
Logic  and  Ethics,  . . 36 


70  TABULAR  STATEMENTS. 


4.  Classification  by  Residences  of  Students,  1887-88. 

Maryland  (Balto.,  153), 

201 

Delaware,  . 

. 3 

Pennsylvania,  . 

n 

Kansas, 

. 3 

New  York, 

16 

Tennessee, 

. 3 

Virginia,  . 

15 

West  Virginia,  . 

. 3 

District  of  Columbia, 

13 

Arkansas,  . 

. 2 

Illinois, 

12 

Louisiana, . 

. 2 

Ohio,  .... 

12 

New  Hampshire, 

g 

Massachusetts, 

11 

Vermont,  . 

! 2 

Indiana,  . 

9 

Colorado,  . 

. 1 

New  Jersey,  . 

7 

Florida, 

. 1 

North  Carolina, 

7 

Nebraska,  . 

. 1 

Georgia,  . 

6 

Mississippi, 

. 1 

Connecticut,  . 

5 

Rhode  Island,  . 

. 1 

Maine, 

5 

Utah,  . 

. 1 

Minnesota, 

5 

Wisconsin, 

5 

Canada, 

. 12 

Iowa, 

4 

Japan, . 

. 7 

Kentucky, 

4 

China,  . 

. 1 

Michigan, 

4 

England,  . 

. 1 

Missouri,  . 

4 

Germany,  . 

. 1 

South  Carolina, 

4 

Mexico, 

. 1 

Alabama,  . 

3 

Italy,  . 

. 1 

California, 

3 

Russia, 

. 1 

5.  Summary  of  Attendance,  1876-88. 


Years. 

Teachers. 

Total  Enrolled 
Students. 

Graduate  Students, 
including  Fellows. 

Matriculates,  in- 
cluding Candidates. 

Special,  including 
Prel.  Med. 

Degrees 

Conferred. 

A.  B. 

Ph.  D. 

1876-77 

29 1 

89 

54 

12 

23 

1877-78 

34 

104 

58 

24 

22 

4 

1878-79 

25 

123 

63 

25 

35 

3 

6 

1879-80 

33 

159 

79 

32 

48 

16 

5 

1880-81 

39 

176 

102 

37 

37 

12 

9 

1881-82 

43 

175 

99 

45 

31 

15 

9 

1882-83 

41 

204 

125 

49 

30 

10 

6 

1883-84 

49 

249 

159 

53 

37 

23 

15 

1884-85 

52 

290 

174 

69 

47 

• 9 

13 

1885-86 

49 

314 

184 

96 

34 

31 

17 

1886-87 

51 

378 

228 

108 

42 

24 

20 

1887-88 

57 

423 

234 

127 

62 

1 In  the  first  two  years  the  number  of  non-resident  lecturers 
was  much  larger  than  it  has  been  since. 


TABULAR  STATEMENTS. 


71 


6.  List  of  Institutions  in  which  the  Students 
(1887-88)  were  Graduated. 


Johns  Hopkins  University, 
University  of  Toronto, 
Amherst  College,  . 
University  of  Maryland, 
Haverford  College, 
University  of  Pennsylvania, 
University  of  Virginia, 

Wake  Forest  College,  . 
Cornell  University, 

Oberlin  College, 

Yale  University,  . 

Princeton  College, 

Columbia  College,  . 
Dartmouth  College, 

Davidson  College, 

Dickinson  College, 

Indiana  University, 
Kentucky  State  College, 
Randolph  Macon  College,  . 
Richmond  College, 

St.  John’s  College  (Md.), 
Trinity  College  (Conn.), 
University  of  Michigan, 
United  States  Naval  Acad., 
Adelbert  College,  . 

Brown  University, 

Dalhousie  College, 

De  Pauw  University,  . 
Emory  College  (Ga.),  . 

Harvard  University, 

Knox  College, 

Lafayette  College, 

Lehigh  University, 

Mercer  University, 
University  of  Kansas,  . 
University  of  Vermont, 
Washington  University  (Mo.), 
Western  Maryland  College, 
Wittenberg  College  (Ohio), 
Alabama  Agr.  and  Mech.  Col., 
Albany  Medical  College, 
Albert  College  (Canada),  . 
Albion  College, 

Alfred  University  (N.  Y.),  . 
Allegheny  College, 

Bowdoin  College,  . 

Col.  of  the  City  of  New  York, 


30 

9 

7 

7 

6 

5 

5 

5 

4 

4 

4 

4 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

3 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


Col.  of  Phys.  and  Surg.  (Balt.) 
Col.  of  Phys.  and  Surg.  (N.  Y.) 
Franklin  College  (Ind.),  . 
Furman  University  (S.  C.),  . 
Geneva  College  (Ohio),  . 
Hampden-Sidney  College,  . 
Hope  College,  .... 
Howard  University, 

Imperial  University  of  Tokio, 
Indiana  Medical  College, 
Iowa  College,  .... 
Iowa  State  University,  . 
Kansas  State  Agric.  College, 
Maine  State  College, 

Michigan  Agric.  College, 

New  Brunswick  Theol.  Sem., 
Northwestern  University,  . 
Norwegian  Luther  College,  . 
Pennsylvania  College,  . 
Ripon  College,  .... 
Rose  Polytechnic  Institute,  . 
Sapporo  Agricultural  College, 
Southwestern  Presby.  Univ., 
Tulane  University,  . 
University  of  Alabama, 
University  of  Berlin, 
University  of  California, 
University  of  Chicago,  . 
University  of  City  of  N.  Y.,  . 
University  of  Georgia,  . 
University  of  Kansas,  . 
University  of  Kentucky, 
University  of  London,  . 
University  of  Minnesota, 
University  of  North  Carolina, 
University  of  Tennessee, 
University  of  the  Pacific, 
University  of  Rochester, 
University  of  Wisconsin, 
University  of  Wooster,  . 
Washington  and  Lee  Univ.,  . 
Westminster  College  (Pa.),  . 
West  Virginia  University,  . 
Williams  College, 

Wolford  College  (S.  C.),  . 
Worcester  (Mass.)  Polyt.  Inst. 


1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 


Journals  Published  under  the  Auspices  of  the 
Johns  Hopkins  University. 


I.  American  Journal  of  Mathemathics. 

S.  Newcomb,  Editor,  and  T.  Craig,  Associate  Editor. 
Quarterly.  4to.  Volume  X in  progress.  $5  per 
volume. 

II.  American  Chemical  Journal. 

I.  Remsen,  Editor.  Bi-monthly.  8vo.  Volume  X in 
progress.  $3  per  volume. 

III.  American  Journal  of  Philology. 

B.  L.  Gildersleeve,  Editor.  Quarterly.  8vo.  Volume 
IX  in  progress.  $3  per  volume. 

IV.  Studies  from  the  Biological  Laboratory. 

Including  the  Chesapeake  Zoological  Laboratory.  H. 

N.  Martin,  Editor,  and  W.  K.  Brooks,  Associate 
Editor.  8vo.  Volume  IV  in  progress.  $5  per 
volume. 

V.  Studies  in  Historical  and  Political  Science. 

H.  B.  Adams,  Editor.  Monthly.  8vo.  Volume  VI 
ready.  $3  per  volume. 

VI.  Johns  Hopkins  University  Circulars. 

Containing  reports  of  scientific  and  literary  work  in 

progress  in  Baltimore.  4to.  Volume  VII  in  pro- 
gress. $1  per  year. 

VII.  Annual  Report. 

Presented  by  the  President  to  the  Board  of  Trustees, 
reviewing  the  operations  of  the  University  during  the 
past  academic  year. 

VIII.  Annual  Register. 

Giving  the  list  of  officers  and  students,  and  stating  the 
regulations,  etc.,  of  the  University.  Published  at  the 
dose  of  the  academic  year . 


A full  list  of  publications  will  be  sent  on  application  to 
the  Publication  Agency  of  the  Johns  Hopkins  University, 
Baltimore,  Maryland. 


